1初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.()Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.()英语用:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,动词的过去分词不变。列表如下:一般现在时:+done一般过去时:+done一般将来时:+done过去将来时:+done现在进行时:am/is/are+being+done过去进行时:was/were+being+done现在完成时:+done过去完成时:had+been+done将来完成时:shall/will+havebeen+done过去将来完成时:should/would+havebeen+done[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时:(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceinthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Weenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般过去时:(1)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessons3.一般将来时:(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Cars.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobs.4.现在完成时:(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ithesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhere.(四)含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去2分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanylettershim.(五)被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。“Mr.White,thecup(break)afterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in+名词作状语,而代替by短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.bemadeof、bemadefrom(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语→Itoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语(2)Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→intheschool.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。(七)语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputer.2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多.V+sbsth=sbbeV-edsthMyunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Ionmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:Apresentmeonmybirthday.注意:1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,3teach,tell等。(1)Thebooktheclass.(show)(2)Mybikeher.(lend)2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtme.(make)(2)Themeatus.(cook)(3)Somecountrymusicus.(play)3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有:不及物动词+介词,如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词:如:bringabout,carryout,find...