1 被动语态 一、 考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 1. across, through 穿过 across 指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。 through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。 eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。 2. ill，sick―生病的‖。 ill 只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed. sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was sick in bed. 也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother. 若 ill 作定语，译为―坏的，恶劣的‖ eg: an ill person 一个坏人 sick 作表语时也常译为―恶心的，想吐的― eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car. 【固定搭配】 动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词 make room for 给.....腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table. play a joke on 戏弄人；对人恶作剧 eg: We can’t play a joke on law. speak highly of 称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service. say good bye to 告别；告辞 eg: I don't want to say good bye to them. take an active part in 积极参加 eg: They take an active part in school activities. take care of 照顾；照料；注意 eg: Could you take care of my plants while I'm on vacation? 【被动语态】 （一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English 是动词 speak 的承受者。 （二）被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken 一般过去时：was／were＋spoken 一般将来时：will／shall be...
