新概念第二册语法解析及练习：现在完成时 现在完成时： 1．构成：have / has + 过去分词 2．功能： （1）表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与 yet, just, before, recently, lately（最近）, ever, never等表时间的副词搭配使用。 ►. He hasn't seen her lately. ►. I haven't finished the book yet. （2）表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far（迄今为止）, up till now（直到现在）, since, for a long time（很长时间）, up to present（直到现在）, in the past / in the last few years（在过去的几年里）, these days（目前）„„ ►. He has worked here for 15 years. ►. I have studied English since I came here. ►. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. ►. So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother. （3）某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。 黄金要点： I．常见的非延续动词：die, arrive（到达）, join（加入）, leave（离开）, go, refuse（拒 绝）, fail（失败）, finish, buy, marry, divorce（离婚）, awake（醒）, buy, borrow, lend ... （背三遍！） II．这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。 III．但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 ►. She has gone away for a month.（误） ►. She has been away for a month （正） ►. The man has died for two years.（误） ►. The man has been dead for two years.（正） ►. How long have youbought the book?（误） ►. How long have you got the book.（正） （4）注意 since的用法： ►. They haven't had any trouble since they came here. ►. It has been ten years since we met last time. ►. He has been here since 1980. ►. He has been here since ten years ago. 几组对比： ►. He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。 ►. He has been to Shanghai. ...
