语言学基本知识语言学的基本概念1
whatislinguistics
(1)thedefinition:linguisticsisusuallydefinedasthescienceoflanguage,or,alternatively,thescientificstudyoflanguage
(2)themainbranchesoflinguistics:phonetics语音学phonology音位学morphology形态学syntax句法学semantics语义学pragmatics语用学2
generallinguisticsappliedlinguistics(1)themaindifferencegenerallinguistics:理论研究,研究对象为人类所有语言appliedlinguistics:应用研究,语言在各个领域的实际应用(2)themainbranchesofeachgenerallinguistics:phonetics,phonology,morphology,syntax,semantics,pragmaticsappliedlinguistics:sociolinguistics,psycholinguistics,physiologicalphonelics,etc
(page64,para1)note:上述应用语言学分分支,指的是广义的应用语言学的分支,狭义的应用语言学只指语言教学3
importantdistinctionsinlinguistics(1)descriptivelinguisticsv
prescriptivelinguistics1don’tsayx
aprescriptivecommandpeopledon’tsayx
adescriptivestatementthedistinctionliesinpre