1. 翻译中常见的一些问题考生对翻译实质理解不清，缺乏对短文的整体把握，因而译文思路不清，连贯性较差。短文翻译不同于孤立的、没有上下文的单句翻译。考生在动手做题之前首先应当通读并理解全文，并对文章的内容和风格有一个完整的和全面的认识，这也是保证译文行文连贯、内容忠实所不可缺少的准备工作。然而，许多考生却不这样做，他们往往拿起文章就往下翻译，看一句译一句，这样做，表面上是为了确保译文忠实，但实际情况是，考生只顾每个句子字面的和孤立的意思，而忽略了上下文之间的内在逻辑，忽视了句子之间的衔接，因而译文连贯性较差，无法把原文表达清楚。试看下面的例子：原文： 9 月 10 日是教师节。教师在人们的心目中究竟是什么样子呢？清华附中的小记者走出校门，采访了76 位路人。采访发现，83%的人认为老师肩负着培养下一代的重任，是提高全民族文化素质的决定因素，值得尊敬。译文 1： is Teachers is the image of teachers in peoples heart ？Little reporters from the middle school attached to Qinghua University walked out of their school gate and interviewed 76 interview shows that 83%people think that teachers shoulder the important task of educating the next generation,they are the decisive factor of improving the whole peoples cultural level,and they are worth of being respected.译文 2：Whats the teachers image ？ On Teachers Day,,a group of teenage reporters from the secondary school of Qinghua University took a poll on the street on seventysix six of those surveyed said that teachers should be held in high esteem because they are committed to the shaping of the younger generation,an undertaking crucial to achieving a higher level of education in China.比较上面的译文，可以看出，译文1 显得呆板、生硬，而译文2 比较通顺、流畅。译文1 显然忽略了文章的逻辑关系，只是一味地按照原文的行文顺序和字面意思，逐字逐句地翻译，而译文2 没有拘泥于原文的词汇和句式，不是孤立地看一句译一句，而是在通观全局、仔细推敲上下文和文章内容的基础上，抓住了文章重心和主旨 ( 即教师在人们心目中的形象)，能根...
