内分泌系统英语课件VIP专享VIP免费

内分泌系统英语PPT课件hormonesTheyarechemicalsubstancesthathavehighlyefficientbiologicalactivityandaresecretedbyendocrineglandorbyscatteredendocrinecellsSpecificityHighlypotentSignaltransductionInteraction:antagonismorsynergism3EndocrinecellTargetcellHormonesmoleculeBloodcycleProduceandsecretEndocrinegland/cellhormonesBloodcycleTargettissue/cellBiologicalactivityThereareaboutsixhormonessecretedbypituitary.Mostofthemaretrophichormones,suchasthyroidstimulatinghormone(TSH),adrenocorticotropichormone(ACTH).Theycontrolandregulateotherendocrineglands.Growthhormone,alsocalledsomatotropin,issecretedbypituitary.Themainphysiologicalfunctionofgrowthhormoneispromotingtheproteinsynthesisofmanytissues,itcanstimulatethegrowthofthejointcartilageandepiphysealcartilage.Soitcanmakeyourbodygrowtaller.midgetismgigantismThyroidGland·Shapedlikeabutterfly·Foundinfrontofthelarynx·Secretesthyroidhormone·Thyroxineisresponsibleformetabolism(burningoffoodforheatandcellenergy)Thethyroidglandregulatestheoverallstateofcellularmetabolisminthebodyandplayaroleinregulatingcalciumlevelsintheblood.Itsecretesamixtureofhormones,mainlythyroxine(T4)andtriiodothyronine(T3).T3andT4arenecessaryinthebodytomaintainanormallevelofmetabolisminallbodycellsandareessentialfornormalmentalandphysicaldevelopment.thyromegalyAdrenalGlandsLocatedontopofeachkidneyEachglandconsistsoftwodistinctparts:cortexandmedullaTheysecretecorticosteroidsadrenalineandnoradrenalineThesehormonesregulatebloodpressure,heartrate,musclepowerandenergyTheadrenalcortexsecretesthreetypesofsteroidhormones.Glucocorticoidsregulatethemetabolismofcomplexmoleculessuchassugar,fatandproteinswithinallbodycellsandhaveapowerfulanti-inflammatoryeffects.MineralocorticoidsregulatewaterbalanceandminerallevelsinthebodyTheadrenalcortexalsoproducessmallamountsofsexhormonesTheadrenalmedullasecretstwosimilarhormones,adrenalineandnoradenaline.ThesehormonesarereleasedinresponsetostressandworkwiththenervoussystemtohelpthebodymeetchallengesOtherEndocrineGlandsParathyroidglandsTheparathyroidglandsarefourtosixtinyglandslocatedontheposteriorsurfaceofthethyroidgland.Parathyroidhormone(PTH)canaffectscalciummetabolism.PancreasisletThepancreasisletsproducestwohormonescalledinsulinandglucagon.BothofthesehormonesregulatesugarmetabolisminthebodyTheGonadsThegonadsareresponsibleforproducingsexhormones.Infemales,theseorgansareknownasovaries;inmales,theyarecalledthetestes.