1 定语从句 语法知识归纳 一、基本概念 (一) 定语从句 在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (二) 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。 (三)关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有:who, whom, which, that 和 whose, 另外,as 也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有:when, where和 why。在定语从句中充当状语。 一.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词的用法 (一)基本用法 根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。 如下表: 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语,宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that 在从句中 做 宾 语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人,物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that 人,物 主语,宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语,宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人,物 主语,宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 做宾语一般不省略 2 例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分) ① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? (作主语) ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. (作主语) ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作宾语) ④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would ...