定语及定语从句

定语及定语从句 一，定语 句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。 定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。 eg: She is a beautiful girl. （形容词） I met someone funny on my way to Beijing. （形容词）（修饰不定代词的定语后置） He is an English teacher. （名词） （名词作定语时一般用单数，例外的有 sports, 如 a sports star） I have a lot of work to do. （不定式） The book written by a schoolboy is very popular now. （过去分词短语） We can see the rising sun. （现在分词） = the sun is rising. He is in the reading room. (动名词) = the room for reading The boy who broke the window is Tom’s brother. （从句） 注意：1.形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面；但当形容词修饰的是 something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, everybody, somewhere 等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。 present (在场的), absent (缺席的)作定语时需要后置。 students present / absent 2. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。 3 分词作定语时，即可放在所修饰词前，也可放在所修饰词后 1）分词前置：单独的一个分词作定语，一般放在所修饰词前。 He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人 2）分词后置分词在以下情况，放在所修饰词的后面 i. 分词词组； There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里 ii. 个别分词如 given, left； This is the question given. 这是所给的问题 iii. 修饰不定代词 something 等 There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who were invited to the party were from South Africa 二，定语从句（Attributive Clauses） 在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 I like the books that ...