直接引语和间接引语 一、定义 引述某人的话一般采用两种形式: 一是直接引语(Direct Speech),即原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内; 二是间接引语(Indirect Speech),即用自己的话加以转述,一般不用引号。 二、直接引语转换为间接引语时,有以下几种变化: 1)人称 人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化,如: She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” →She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称,或被第二人“你”所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称,如: He said to Kate,"How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then. The teacher said, “Don’t speak so loudly!” →The teacher asked us not to speak so loudly. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化,如: Mr. Smith said,“Jack is a good worker.” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. 2)时态 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。 基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致,也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时,主句要向后退一格时态,变成一种过去时。 1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen. (现在完成 →过去完成) 2. She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so. (一般现在 → 一般过去) 3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。” →She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 → 过去将来) 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。如: “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and th...