高中英语 Unit 4 Space Exploration Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures学案（含解析）新人教版必修第三册-新人教版高一必修第三册英语学案VIP专享

Space ExplorationSection Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures不定式的用法一、不定式的时态和语态1．不定式的形式不定式有六种形式，以 write 为例，列表如下：主动语态被动语态一般式to writeto be written完成式to have writtento have been written进行式to be writing完成进行式to have been writing2.使用情况(1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生。He seems to know this. 他似乎了解这件事。(2)进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作的持续性或正在进行。He pretended to be working hard.＝He pretended that he was working hard.他假装干得很卖力。When he came in, I happened to be reading the novel.他进来时，我碰巧正在读小说。(3)完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或已经发生。I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.给你添了这么多麻烦真抱歉。She is said to have just completed a novel.据说她刚完成一部小说。(4)完成进行式：强调不定式的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。The rain was said to have been falling for a week.据说雨已下一周了。He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起。(5)被动式：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。She felt puzzled to be asked such a question.被问了这样一个问题，她很疑惑。The factory to be built here next year is a car factory.明年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。二、不定式的语法功能不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。高考侧重考查不定式作定语、宾语、状语和宾补的用法。1．不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。The weather will be sunny in the days to come.未来几天将是晴天。(2)中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/the only/the next 或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。Zhang Jian is the first Chinese to swim across the Bohai Sea.张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。He was the only one to finish the task on time.他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。(3)抽象名词 time, way, reason, chance, co...