M3Unit1GRAMMAR――名词性从句一、定义：名词性从句是由if,whether,that,what,how等疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。二、类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句(请说出以下句子中的画线部分在句子中充当的成分)1.Whenwe’llholdthesportsmeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.作______语2.Thathehaswonthefirstprizeistrue.作______语3.Hewonderif/whetherhecouldusemybike.作______语4.Iamthinkingaboutwhowillbegiventhejob.作______语5.Myparents’wishisthatIcangotoakeyuniversity.作______语6.TheproblemishowIcangetintouchwiththem.作______语7.Itisnotclearwhethershewillattendhiswedding.作______语8.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.作______语三、用法1、主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。如:A.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(=Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)B.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(=ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)2.宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语.引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,if;代词有who,whose,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。如:A.Webelieve(that)heishonest.B.Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.C.Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldn’tgothere.D.Theconductorhasmadeitclearthatnobuseswillberunning.3、表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语.表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的还有Thereason/truthisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.(如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.)5)Mysuggestionyesterdaywasthatameeting(should)beheldtodiscussthematter.4、同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion等抽象名词之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连接代词that；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。如：A.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.B.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.C.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.(如果名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.)5.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.四、使用名词性从句的注意点1、注意that的用法that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中的that不能省略。如：A.ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.B.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.C.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；Hejudgedthatbecausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwhathehadsaid.当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.③介词后一般不用that引导的从句，除了介词but/except/in之后，而且that不可省掉。Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.④that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/tho...
