模拟题三PartWriting(30minutes)ⅠDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDormitoryLife.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:DormitoryLife1.大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。2.宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。3.宿舍生活利与弊。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.TestingTimesResearchersareworkingonwaystoreducetheneedforanimalexperiments,butnewlawsmayincreasethenumberofexperimentsneeded.ThecurrentsituationInanidealworld,peoplewouldnotperformexperimentsonanimals.Forthepeople,theyareexpensive.Fortheanimals,theyarestressfulandoftenpainful.Thatidealworld,sadly,isstillsomewayaway.Peopleneednewdrugsandvaccines.Theywantprotectionfromthetoxicityofchemicals.Thesearchforbasicscientificanswersgoeson.Indeed,theEuropeanCommissionisforgingaheadwithproposalsthatwillincreasethenumberofanimalexperimentscarriedoutintheEuropeanUnion,byrequiringtoxicitytestsoneverychemicalapprovedforusewithintheunion'sbordersinthepast25years.Already,thecommissionhasidentified140,000chemicalsthathavenotyetbeentested.Itwants30,000ofthesetobeexaminedrightaway,andplanstospendbetween~4billion—8billion($5billion—10billion)doingso.ThenumberofanimalsusedfortoxicitytestinginEuropewillthus,expertsreckon,quintuple(翻五倍)fromjustoverlmayeartoabout5m,unlesstheyaresavedbysomedramaticadvancesinnon-animaltestingtechnology.Atthemoment,roughly10%ofEuropeananimaltestsareforgeneraltoxicity,35%forbasicresearch,45%fordrugsandvaccines,andtheremaining10%avarietyofusessuchasdiagnosingdiseases.Animalexperimentationwillthereforebearoundforsometimeyet.Butthesearchforsubstitutescontinues,andlastweekendtheMiddleEuropeanSocietyforAlternativeMethodstoAnimalTestingmetinLinz,Austria,toreviewprogress.Agoodplacetostartfindingalternativesfortoxicitytestsistheliver--theorganresponsibleforbreakingtoxicchemicalsdownintosafermoleculesthatcanthenbeexcreted.Twofirms,onelargeandonesmall,toldthemeetinghowtheywereusinghumanlivercellsremovedincidentallyduringsurgerytotestvarioussubstancesforlong-termtoxiceffects.OnewayoutoftheproblemPrimeCyte,thesmallfirm,growsitscellsinculturesoverafewweeksanddosesthemregularlywiththesubstanceunderinvestigation.Thecharacteristicsofthecellsarecarefullymonitored,tolookforchangesintheirmicroanatomy.Pfizer,thebigfirm,alsodosesitsculturesregularly,butratherthanstudyingindividualcellsindetail,itcountscellnumbers.Ifthenumberofcellsinaculturechangesafterasampleisadded,thatsuggeststhechemicalinquestionisbadfortheliver.Inprinciple,thesetechniquescouldbeappliedtoanychemical.Inpractice,drugs(and,inthecaseofPrimeCyte,foodsupplements)aretopofthelist.Butthatmightchangeifthecommissionhasitsway:those140,000screeningslooklikealucrativemarket,althoughnobodyknowswhetherthenewtestswillbereadyforuseby2009,whenthecommissionproposesthattestingshouldstart.Othertissues,too,canbetestedindependentlyofanimals.Epithelix,asmallfirminGeneva,hasdevelopedanartificialversionoftheliningofthelungs.AccordingtoHuangSong,oneofEpithelix'sresearchers,thefirm'sculturedcellshavesimilarmicroanatomytothosefoundinnaturallunglinings,andrespondinthesamewaytovariouschemicalmessengers.Dr.Huangsaysthattheycouldbeusedinlong-termtoxicitytestsofairbornechemicalsandcouldalsohelpidentifytreatmentsforlung...
