英语四级阅读理解

Passage OnｅＱueｓｔioｎs 57 to 61 are baｓed on tｈe fｏｌlowｉnｇ passage、The ｐrｏspectｓ for ｗｏｍｅn who aｒe ｓｃienｔists ａｎd eｎgiｎeｅｒs at mａjｏr reｓeａrch univeｒsiｔｉes have ｉmｐｒoｖed， ａlｔhｏｕgh womeｎ conｔｉｎｕe ｔo ｆace ｕnfair treatｍｅnt in salａry ａnd ａcceｓｓ ｔo ｓoｍe ｏthｅr ｒesourceｓ, a paｎel of thｅ Naｔionaｌ Reｓearcｈ Coｕｎｃｉｌ cｏnｃｌｕｄｅs iｎ a ｎeｗ repｏrt、Ｉｎ receｎt years “men anｄ ｗoｍｅn ｆａcuｌｔy in ｓcieｎｃe， ｅngiｎeeｒinｇ and mathemaｔics ｈave enjｏyｅd ｐarable oｐpｏrtunｉties,” the paｎel sａid in its repoｒｔ, reｌeasｅd on Tｕeｓday、 It found tｈat ｗomen who applieｄ for univeｒsity joｂs and, oncｅ they ｈad theｍ， for pｒoｍotｉon and tenure （终身任职）， wｅｒｅ at leaｓt as likeｌy ｔo sｕcceed as ｍｅn、Iｎ anotheｒ report thiｓ weeｋ ｉn thｅ Prｏｃｅediｎgｓ ｏf thｅ Naｔional Academｙ oｆ Scｉenceｓ， rｅｓeaｒｃhers at tｈｅ Ｕniverｓｉtｙ ｏf Wiscｏnsiｎ reviｅweｄ a ｖａｒietｙ of stｕdiｅｓ ａｎd ｃｏnｃluｄeｄ tｈat the achievemｅｎt gaｐ betｗeｅn ｂｏys anｄ girlｓ in mathｅmatiｃs perｆorｍanｃe ｈad narroｗed ｔo ｔｈe vanisｈｉnｇ ｐoinｔ、 Ａlｔhougｈ gｉｒｌs ａre still of a ｓｍallｅr ｎumber in the ｒanks of yoｕng mａth prodigies （神童）， ｔｈeｙ said， ｔhat gap is narrowing, wｈｉｃh uｎderｍines cｌaｉmｓ thaｔ ａ gｒｅａtｅｒ ｐrevaｌencｅ （流行） of ｐｒoｆound ｍathematicａl talｅnt ｉn ｍales is biologicaｌly deterｍined、 Ｔhe researｃhｅｒs saiｄ thｉs anｄ otｈｅr pｈeｎoｍｅna “provide ａｂundaｎt eｖｉｄeｎｃe foｒ the imｐaｃt of sｏcｉocuｌtｕrａｌ and other ｅnviｒonmenｔal facｔｏrs oｎ the dｅveｌｏpmeｎt oｆ mathｅmatｉcal skilｌｓ aｎd ｔalｅｎt and the size, if any, of maｔｈ gｅｎdｅr ｇaｐ、”The ｒesｅarｃh ｃ...