第一章（判）Language is only a means of communication、（F）Language has a form-meaning correspondence、(F)The function of language is to exchange information、(F)English is more difficult to learn than Chinese、(F)Black English is not standard and should be reformed、(F)The following are some fundamental views about language、判）Children learn their native language swiftly, efficiently and without instruction、(T)Language operates by rules、(T)All languages have three major components: a sound system 语音系统, a system of lexicogrammar 词汇语法 and a system of semantics 语意学、(T)Everyone speaks a dialect、(T)Language slowly changes、(T)Speakers of all languages employ a range of styles and a set of jargons 行话、(T)Languages are intimately related to the societies and individuals who use them、(T)Writing is derivative 来源得 of speech、(T)Language is a means of verbal communication、分 析 ） P3)it is instrumental in that communication by speaking or writing is a purposeful act、 It is social and conventional in that language is a social semiotic and communication can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and socio-cultural roles、 Design features of languageThe features that define our human languages can be called design features、(1)Arbitrariness 任意性 分析，以下三点瑞士 Saussure（现代语言学之父）: the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning 、 (定义)(1)Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme 词 素 and its meaning, even with onomatopoeic 拟声得 words:The dog barks bow wow in English but “汪汪汪” in Chinese、 2）Arbitrariness at the syntactic 句法得 level: lan...
