非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称与数得限制,在句子中不能充当谓语,但可以充当句子得其她成分,并且有时态与语态得变化。 形式对比项目动词不定式(to do)动名词(doing)现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)意义相当于名词、形容词、副词,往往有将来意味相当于名词,指常常性、习惯性得动作相当于形容词、副词,往往有现在意味相当于形容词、副词,本身兼有被动、完成意义充当句子成分主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语主语、宾语、表语、定语表语、宾补、定语、状语表语、宾补、定语、状语形式主动一般式 to do doingdoingdone被动式 to be done being donebeing done主动完成式 to have done having donehaving done被动完成式to have been done having been donehaving been done否定式在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加 not 动词不定式定义:动词不定式就是非谓语动词得一种,它没有人称与数得变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词得特点,可以有自己得宾语与状语。 主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing无完成进行式to have been doing无一、不定式得意义1、 不定式得一般式:一般式表示得动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示得动作或状态得同时或之后。当不定式得逻辑主语就是这个不定式所表示得动作得承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done)、eg: He seemed to be tired、 The building to be finished next month is for our teachers、2、 不定式得进行式:进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语得动作同时发生。e、g、 When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world、3、 不定式得完成式:假如不定式所表示得动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前,就用完成式;若就是在此基础上得被动含义,就用完成被动式( to have been done)、e、g、 He is said to have written a novel about the Long March、He is said to have been taught French when he was a child、4、 不定式得完成进行式:假如不定式得动作就是在谓语所表示得时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行得动作,就要用完成进行式、eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the ...
