水解反应1、单水解---可逆水解NH4Cl+H2O NH3•H2O+HCl NH4++H2O H++NH3•H2OFeCl3+3H2O Fe(OH)3+3HCl Fe3++3H2O Fe(OH)3+3H+AlCl3+3H2O Al(OH)3+3HCl Al3++3H2O Al(OH)3+3H+CuSO4+2H2O Cu(OH)2+H2SO4 (金属活动顺序表中 Mg2+以后的阳离子均水解)NaHCO3+H2O H2CO3+NaOH (NaHSO4 不水解，NaHSO3 电离大于水解)Na2CO3+H2O NaHCO3+NaOH CO32-+H2O HCO3-+OH–NaHCO3+H2O H2CO3+NaOH(第一步远远大于第二步，二步不能叠加)Na2SO3+H2O NaHSO3+NaOH SO32-+H2O HSO3-+OH–NaHSO3+H2O H2SO3+NaOH(第一步远远大于第二步，二步不能叠加)HSO3-+H2O H2SO3+OH-Na2S+H2O NaHS+NaOH S2-+H2O HS-+OH–NaHS+H2O H2S+NaOH(第一步远远大于第二步，二步不能叠加)HS-+H2O H2S+OH-Na3PO4+H2O Na2HPO4+NaOH PO43-+H2O HPO42-+OH–Na2HPO4+H2O NaH2PO4+NaOH HPO42-+H2O H2PO4-+OH–NaH2PO4+H2O H3PO4+NaOH H2PO4-+H2O H3PO4+OH–CH3COONa+H2O CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COO-+H2O CH3COOH+OH–C6H5ONa+H2O C6H5OH+NaOH C6H5O-+H2O C6H5OH+OH–2、双水解CH3COONH4+H2O CH3COOH+NH3•H2ONH4F+H2O HF+NH3•H2OAl2S3+6H2O==Al(OH)3↓+H2S↑ (隔绝空气，密封保存)Mg3N2+6H2O==Mg(OH)2↓+NH3↑(隔绝空气，密封保存)Na3P+3H2O==3NaOH+PH3↑(隔绝空气，密封保存)Zn3P2+6H2O==Zn(OH)2↓+PH3↑(Zn3P2 一种老鼠药，PH3 剧毒神经毒剂)CaC2+2H2O==Ca(OH)3↓+C2H2↑(隔绝空气，密封保存)C2H5ONa+H2O==C2H5OH+NaOH
