摘要众所周知，对一个机械进行稍微的改进，都将影响其适用范围和加工精度，而且有利于生产率的提高。针对现有常规C620普遍车床的缺点提出数控改装方案和单片机系统设计，提高加工精度和扩大机床使用范围，并提高生产率。本论文说明了普通车床的数控化改造的设计过程，较详尽地介绍了C620机械改造部分的设计及数控系统部分的设计。采用以8031为CPU的控制系统对信号进行处理，由I/O接口输出步进脉冲，经一级齿轮传动减速后，带动滚动丝杠转动，从而实现纵向、横向的进给运动。改造过程如下：（1）机械部分的改造，包括纵向进给方向的改造和横向进给方向的改造。主要包括对滚珠丝杠螺母副及反应式步进电机的计算选择及纵向、横向机构装配图方案的制定。（2）电气控制部分的设计，主要包括MCS-51系列单片机及扩展芯片的选用和电气控制图的设计。关键词：数控，单片机，步进电机，滚珠丝杠，数控改造ABSTRACTAsweallknown,toremedythedefectsofordinarylatherC620,adesignofdataprocessingsystemanditssinglechipmicrocomputersystemprogramisputforwardtoraisetheprocessingprecisionandextendthemachine’susage,andtoimproveproductionrate。Thispaperpresentstheprocessofdesigningnumericalcontrolreform，andexplicitlyintroducesthedesignofmechanicalandnumericalcontrolsystemreforms。Weadoptcontrolsystemwhichhas8031ascputocopewiththesignal，andoutputthesteppulsethroughtheI/Ointerface。Aftertransmittingandslowingdownbyforce1gear,thesteppulsesdrivetheleadingscrewtoroll。Thusachievetheverticalmovementandthecrosswisemovement。Reformprocessasfollows:(1)Thereformationofmachinepart,includetoenterlengthwaystothereformationofthedirectionwithhorizontalentertodirectionofreformation.Mainlyincludetorolltheballscrewshaftnutandthecalculationchoiceofreactionsteppingmotorandtheestablishmentoflengthways,horizontalorganizationassemblediagramproject.(2)Thereformationofelectricitypart,mainlyincludethechoiceofMCS-51familysingle-chipandexpandchipandthedesignofelectriccontrolchart.Keywords:numericalcontrol,single-chip,steppingmotor,ballscrewshaft,reform目录引言.........................................................................................................1第一章总体方案的设计………………………………………...21.1设计任务......................................................................................41.2总体方案的论证.........................................................................41.2.1机械部分的改造设计...........................41.2.2伺服进给系统的改造设计........................51.2.3数控系统的硬件电路设计.......................51.3总体方案的确定.........................................................................6第二章机械部分的改造设计...........................................................62.1纵向进给系统的改造设计.........................................................62.1.1纵向滚珠丝杠副的选用..........................62.2横向进给系统的改造设计......................................................182.2.1横向进给系统滚珠丝杠螺母副的选用............182.2.2横向步进电机的选用..........................232.3齿轮传动间隙的调整...............................................................27第三章电气控制部分的设计...........................................................313.1单片机的选择............................................................................313.2步进电机的驱动.......................................................................323.2.1环形脉冲分配器的选择.........................323.2.2功率放大器的选用.............................353....
