2014年全国医学博士英语阅读理解全译核心词汇及详解PassageoneIhavejustreturnedfromMexico,whereIvisitedafactorymakingmedicalmasks.Facedwithfiercecompetition,theownerhascuthiscostsbyoutsourcingsomeofhisproduction.Scoresofpeopleworkforhimintheirhomes,threadingelasticintomasksbyhand.Theyarepaidbelowtheminimumwage,withnojobsecurityandnohealthcareprovision.Userofmedicalmasksandotherlaboratorygearprobablygivelittlethoughttowheretheirequipmentcomesfrom.Thatneedstochange.Asignificantproportionoftheseproductsaremadeinthedevelopingworldbylow-paidpeoplewithinadequatelaborrights.Thisleadstohumanmiseryonatremendousscale.我刚从墨西哥参观一家制造医用口罩的工厂回来，面对激烈的竞争，哪里的工厂老板把他们的部分产品外包出去，来减少开支，很多工人在自己家里工作，用手将松紧带传入口罩中。他们获得的工资低于最低薪酬标准，并且工作没有保障，也没有医疗保障。对医学面罩和其他试验设备的使用者，他们很少考虑这些设备从哪儿来，这些需要改变。发展中国家的这些设备的很大一部分是有低收入，缺少基本权益的劳工生产出来的。这些产品给他们带来大规模的苦难。63.theauthorarguesthatwhenresearchersinthewealthywestbuytoolsoftheirtrade,theyshould----(D)A.havethesameconcernwiththedevelopingcountries.B.beblindtotheirsourcesforthesakeofhumanity.C.pursuegoodbargainsintheinternationalmarket.D.spareathoughtforhowtheyweremade.解析：推理题，题干（当西方富裕国家的研究者买了他们生产的工具时，作者认为，他们应该---），A.同样关注发展中国家的情况，无中生有，B,从无人道主义出发来考虑产品的来源，无中生有，C.在国际市场中寻找便宜货，无中生有。D,本段讲到：Userofmedicalmasksandotherlaboratorygearprobablygivelittlethoughttowheretheirequipmentcomesfrom.Thatneedstochange.答案D正确。Takelabcoats.ManyaremadeinIndia,wheremostcottonfarmersarepaidanunfairpricefortheircropsandfactoryemployeesworkillegalhoursforpoorpay.在比如实验室外套，很多是印度制造，那儿的大部分棉花种植者很廉价的卖掉自己的庄家，工厂员工工资低廉，上班时间超过法律工作时间。61.fromthemedicalmaskstothelabcoats,theauthoristryingtotellus------（D）A.thepracticeofoccupationalprotectioninthedevelopingworld.B.thedevelopingcountriesplaguedbypovertyanddisease.C.thecheapestlaborinthedevelopingcountries.D.thehumanmiserybehindthem.解答：提干（从医用面罩到实验室外套，作者是想告诉我们-----），医用面罩讲到：belowtheminimumwage,withnojobsecurityandnohealthcareprovision.以及inadequatelaborrights.Thisleadstohumanmiseryonatremendousscale.，以及coat讲到paidanunfairprice，workillegalhoursforpoorpay这些提示D,而A是发展中国家职业保护，选项无中生有，B是发展中国家遭受贫穷和疾病的威胁，答非所问，C是发展中国家劳动力最廉价，答非所问。One-fifthoftheworld’ssurgicalinstrumentsaremadeinnorthernPakistan.WhenIvisitedacoupleofyearsagoIfoundmostworkstoiling12hoursaday,sevendaysaweek,forlessthanadollaraday,exposedtonoise,metaldustandtoxicchemicals.Thousandsofchildren,someasyoungas7,workintheindustry.Towininternationalcontracts,factoryownersmustofferrock-bottomprices,andconsequentlydrivedownwagesandlaborconditionsasfarastheycan.Welaboratoryscientistsinthedevelopedworldmayunwittinglybeencouragingthis:weaskhowmuchourequipmentwillcost,butwhichofusaskswhomadeitandhowmuchtheywerepaid?Thisisnosmallmatter.Scienceissupposedtobenefithumanity,butbecauseoftheconditionsunderwhichtheirtoolsaremade,manyscientistsmayactuallybecausingharm.世界上1/5的外科器械是有北部的巴基斯坦生产的，很多年前当我拜访巴基斯坦时，我发现他们一天辛苦工作12小时，一...
