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语法专题专题一名词和冠词语法项目(一)名词名词的数——典题尝试(单句语法填空)1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowds(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveralinvitations(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recentstudies(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.——规则点拨1．物质名词一般不用复数形式，但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别。fishes各种鱼fruits各种水果steels各种钢材2．物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。acupoftea一杯茶twopairsoftrousers两条裤子fourpiecesofbread四片面包3．有些名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。work(工作)→works(著作)arm(手臂)→arms(军火)glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜)cloth(布)→clothes(衣服)4．有些名词既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词，但是意义不同。room空间→aroom一间房glass玻璃→aglass一个玻璃杯子chicken鸡肉→achicken一只小鸡paper纸→apaper一张报纸5．有些名词形似单数，但实为复数，如police,people。6．有些名词单复数同形。如means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，works(工厂),cattle。7．有些名词若被看作整体就用作单数，若被看作组成该集体的各个成员就用作复数。class,family,couple,audience,government,public。8．有些名词经常以复数形式出现。glasses眼镜clothes衣服goods货物trousers裤子ashes灰尘surroundings环境belongings所有物congratulations祝贺havewordswithsb.同某人吵架9．合成名词的复数。gobetween→gobetweens(中间人)，grownup→grownups,passerby→passersby。[注意事项]以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词复数形式一般加es。watch—watches(此时ch的发音是/t/)ʃ，而stomach—stomachs(此时ch的发音是/k/)例外。——对点演练(单句改错)1.(2018·山东临沂一模)InChina,IalwaysspendtheSpringFestivalwithChinesefamily,eatingdumplings,laughingandjoking.family→families_2．(2018·江西省高三第二次联考)Aswereturnedhome,Igatheredsomeitem.item→items3．(2018·山西重点中学协作体一模)What'smore,weshouldimproveourmethodofstudyandmakegoodpreparationsforexams.method→methods_4．(2018·山西晋商四校联考)LiLinisaseniorthreestudentswhodevoteshimselftohisstudyeveryday.students→student5．(2018·安徽示范性高中联考)First,weshouldadoptapositiveattitudestowardsfailure.attitudes→attitude名词的固定搭配——典题尝试(单句语法填空)1．(2018·河北石家庄二中一模)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemeintoconsideration(consider)．2.(2018·东北三省四市联考)Hesaidhepaintedforpleasure(please)．——规则点拨1．名词与介词搭配aboveaverage超过平均水平atpresent目前atrisk冒险beyondcompare无与伦比beyondbelief难以置信bynomeans决不；一点也不forsale供出售foraninstant一瞬间inruins毁坏；破败不堪inadvance提前inpublic公开inconclusion总之onpurpose故意地onthewhole总的来说onthecontrary相反underrepair在修理中underconsideration在考虑中underdiscussion在讨论中underconstruction在建设中2．名词与动词搭配catchsightof瞥见findfaultwith挑……的错makeuseof利用keeppacewith与……同步makeafoolof愚弄makefunof取笑payattentionto注意putanendto结束……takenoticeof注意到takepartin参加——对点演练(单句语法填空)1．(2018·福建龙岩质检)Theythinkthattakingnoteswithcellphonesinsteadofbyhand(hands)cansavetime.2.(2018·齐齐哈尔市“五校联盟”联考)Inaddition(add),thefeetdonotsmellasmuchbecausetheystaydry,makingithardforbacteriatogrow.3．Alwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsasknivesoutofchildren'sreach(reachable)．抽象名词具体化——规则点拨1．抽象名词通常是不可数名词，但是具体到某...