SectionⅢGrammar——定语从句(Ⅰ)语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.2.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.3.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.4.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwho/thatlosthisway.5.Theboywhosefatherisateacherisanewclassmateofmine.6.Mydaughterboughtausefuldictionarywhosecoverwasprinted“OxfordUniversity”.7.Chinaisacountrythat/whichhasalonghistory.1.第1、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who,在定语从句中作主语。2.第2、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which,在定语从句中作主语。3.第4、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词that,在定语从句中作主语。4.关系代词who常用来指代人;关系代词which常用来指代物;关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。5.第5、6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose,在定语从句中作定语,它既可以指人也可以指物。who(whom),which,that,whose引导的定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,同时指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;关系副词有when,where,why。一、关系代词的基本用法1.who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。Themanwhoistalkingwithmyfatherisateacher.正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。Thegirl(who)Imetyesterdaywashissister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。2.whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,不能作主语。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。注意:(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。Theboy(who/whom)wesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,用whom,不用who。Heisamanfromwhomweareallreadytolearn.他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。[即时演练1]关系代词填空①Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?②Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③Thisisthepersonwho/whomyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.3.which只指物,不指人,可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.桂林是一个有2000年历史的城市。Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。4.whose既可指人,也可指物。其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系,在从句中作定语。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。5.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。Thewoman(that)Ireadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道,她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。Thereport(that)Mr.Turnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。[即时演练2]关系代词填空①Look,herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.②Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?③Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.二、用that不用which的情况。1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anythinglittle,much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已经做了。2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食...