PartⅢDevelopingideasLittleWhiteLies(1)Writtenmorethantwohundredyearsago，theselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell－knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry：Oh，whatatangledwebweweave，Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!(2)Weallknowthathonestyisanimportantvalueandthatlyingiswrong，butwhocanhonestlysaythatthey’venevertoldalie?Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledge(3)thatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”：littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.We’veallsurelyhadtheexperienceofsomeone(4)cookingamealforusthatwedon’tlike.Themajorityofusofcoursedon’ttellthetruth—welieandsaythatthefoodis“delicious”．Orifafriendasksuswhatwethinkoftheirnewhaircut，wesay“It’sgreat！”，evenifwethinkit’sawful.But(5)towhatextentcanwejustifytellingwhitelieslikethese?Oneofthemainreasonsfortellingawhitelieistotrytomakeothersfeelbetter.However，(6)whenwelieandsaythatsomeone’shaircutlooksgood，orwhenwesaythatweloveamealthatwesecretlyhate，arewereallyhopingtoimprovethesituationforsomeoneelse?Perhapsweareinfactlyingtoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.Anotherreasonfortellingawhitelieistogiveencouragement.Sayforexamplethatyourfriendasksyouwhatyouthinkofhissinging.Youofcoursesaythatit’swonderful，despitesecretlythinkingthatyourcatcansingbetter.Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.Orperhaps，theyneedtoknowthattheyshouldlookforadifferenthobby.Finally，wemayalsotellawhiteliewhenwewanttoprotectothersfrombadnews.Ifyou’vehadabadday，doyoutellyourparentsaboutit，ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywas“fine”？(7)Ifthelatter，don’tyouthinkyourparentswouldwanttolistentoyouandunderstandyourfeelings？Wouldn’titbebettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice?GoingbacktoWalterScott’slines，wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.Perhaps(8)themealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Wouldyourfriendtrustyouropinionagainifhefoundoutyouhadliedabouthis“wonderful”singing?Howwouldyouexpectotherstotrulyunderstandyouremotionsifyouonlysharedgoodnewsinsteadofbad?Moreover，howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyouhadbeenhidingthetruthfromyou?(1)Written过去分词短语作状语，byWalterScott介词短语作定语。(2)but连接前后两个并列句，前一分句中and连接两个that...引导的并列宾语从句，且第二个引导词that不省略；后一分句中that引导的从句作say的宾语。(3)that引导同位语从句，解释说明knowledge的内容，从句中wetell是定语从句，省略了关系代词that或which，先行词是thelies；第二个wetell也是定语从句，省略了关系代词thatwhich，先行词是thelies。(4)cookingameal为现在分词短语作定语修饰someone，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词ameal。(5)towhatextent到什么程度。(6)or连接两个并列句when和when，第一个从句中that引导宾语从句，第二个从句中第二个that引导定语从句在定语从句中作宾语，修饰先行词ameal。(7)Ifthelatter为省略句，完整的句子为Ifitisthelatter。don’tyouthink...是否定疑问句。(8)本句为主从复合句，主句中themeal是先行词，yousaid是定语从句，之前省略了关系代词that/which。everytime引导时间状语从句。①linen．诗行，句子②remainvi.保持，仍是③excerptn．摘录，节选④poetryn．诗歌，诗集⑤tangledadj.缠结的，复杂的⑥webn．网状物⑦practisevt.练习⑧honestyn．诚实⑨valuen．价值⑩honestlyadv.诚实地⑪tellalie说谎⑫comfort...with...用……宽慰……⑬protect...from...保护……免受……⑭surelyadv.一定⑮experiencen．经验⑯cookv．烹调；烧煮⑰majorit...
