ReferenceforTeachingI、异域风情1．NoahWebsterandthefirstAmericandictionaryNoahWebsterwasbornOnOctober16,1758．intheWestDivisionofHartford.Hisfatherfarmedandworkedasaweaver.Hismotherworkedathome．Noahandhistwobrothers，CharlesandAbraham,helpedfatherwiththefarmwork．Noah’ssister,MercyandJerusha,workedwiththeirmothertokeephouseandmakefoodandclothingforthefamily．Fewpeoplewenttocollege，butNoahlovedtolearnsohisparentslethimgotoYale,Connecticut’sonlycollege．Noahgraduatedinl778．Hewantedtostudylaw,buthisparentscouldnotaffordtogivehimmoremoneyforschool．So，inordertomakealiving，NoahtaughtinGlastonbury,HartfordandWestHartford．Laterhestudiedlaw.NoahdidnotlikeAmericanschools.Sometimes70childrenofallagewerecrammedintoone-roomschoolhouseswithnodesks，poorbooks,anduntrainedteachers.TheirbookscamefromEngland.NoahthoughtthatAmericansshouldlearnfromAmericanbooks．soin1783,Noahwrotehisowntextbook：AGrammaticalInstituteoftheEnglishLanguage．Mostpeoplecalleditthe“Blue-backedSpeller”becauseofitsbluecover．For100years，Noah’sbooktaughtchildrenhowtoread．spell,andpronouncewords．Itwasthemostpopularbookofitstime．BenFranklinusedbooktoteachhisgranddaughtertoread.WhenNoahwas43,hestartedthefirstAmericandictionary．HedidthisbecauseAmericansindifferentpartsofthecountryspelled.pronouncedandusedwordsdifferently．Hethoughtthatallshouldspeakthesameway．HealsothatAmericansshouldnotspeakandspelljustliketheEnglish.NoahusedAmericanspellingslike“color”instead0ftheEnglish“colour”and“music”insteadof“musick”．HealsoaddedAmericanwordsthatweren'tinEnglishdictionarieslike“skunk(臭鼬)”and“squash(瓜菜)”．Ittookhimover27yearstowritehisbook．Whenfinishedin1828．attheageof70,Noah'sdictionaryhad70000wordsinit．Noahdidmanythingsinhislife．Heworkedforcopyright(版权)laws，wrotetextbooks，AmericanizedtheEnglishlanguage,andeditedmagazines．WhenNoahWebsterdiedin1843hewasconsideredanAmericanhero．2．TheOriginofWordsAboutthreehundredwordsintheEnglish．languagecomefromthenamesofpeople．Manyofthesewordsaretechnicalwords．Whenthereisanewinventionordiscovery．Anewwordmaybecoined(杜撰)aftertheinventororscientist．Itisinterestingtoobservehowmanywordshavefoundtheirwayintothefromthenamesofpeople．LordSandwichwholivedfrom1718to1792usedatthegamblingtableeatingbreadwithmeatinbetween．AstheLordwastheonlyoneamonghisfriendswhoatebreadinthatbread“sandwich”forfun．Lateronthewordbecamepart用心爱心专心1language．Theword“boycott”meanstorefusetohaveanythingtodowithsomebodyorsomething.ItcomesfromamancalledCaptainIsalandagentin1880andheandtaxesforanEnglishlandownerinIreland.ButtheCaptainwasaveryharsh(苛刻的)man．Hetreatedhispoortenantsverybadly.Histenantsdecidednottospeaktohimatall.EventuallywordgotbacktothelandownerandtheCaptainwasremoved.Theword“boycott”becamepopulareveryonetomeanthekindoftreatmentthatwasreceivedbyCaptainBoycott.II、知识归纳(一)英语中表示“请求(requests)”情况归纳：（1）.提出请求表达Theradioistooloud.Canyouturnitdownalittle?收音机的声音太大了，你能将它的音量调小一点吗？Excuseme,couldyoutellmewhenthenexttrainleavesforBeijing?请问下一班列车何时去北京？Excuseme,wouldyoumindstoppingtalking?对不起，请不要讲话好吗？Shutthedoor,willyou?请把门关上，好吗？MayIuseyourEnglish-Chinesedictionary?我可以用你的英汉词典吗？Wouldyouliketogooutforawalknow?现在你愿意出去走一走吗？Don’trush(hurry)/crowd.不要匆忙/挤！Nosmok...
