SectionⅣGrammar限制性定语从句1．(教材P43)AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.2．(教材P43)Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.3．(教材P43)Confucius(551BC－479BC)isthephilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.4．(教材P43)MenciuswasathinkerwhoseteachingswereverysimilartothoseofConfucius.5．(教材P43)Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.6．(教材P43)Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential.7．(教材P43)Asaresult,hespentmanyyearstryingtofindastatewherepeoplewouldfollowhisteachings.8．(教材P43)Mozitaughtthatweshouldloveallhumanbeingsandlookafterthosewhoareweakerthanourselves.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引出。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。关系代词的用法关系代词指代在从句中充当的成分人物句子主语宾语表语定语who√√√whom√√that√√√√√which√√√√√whose√√√as√√√√√√1.that和which的用法which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。◆Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.用铅笔写的信很难读。(that作主语，指物)◆(2016·四川卷)Thedishes(that/which)IcookedwereMom’sfavorite.我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。(that/which作宾语，指物，亦可省略)◆Thisisthebookwhich/thathasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.这就是那本被译成多种语言的书。(which/that作主语)◆Sheisnolongerthegirl(that)shewasbeforeshewenttocollege.她已不是上大学前的她了。(that作表语，指人)只能用that而不用which的情况先行词是all,little,few,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时当先行词既有人又有物时只用which而不用that的情况关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that◆GuilinisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市。◆Heistheverypersonthattheyarelookingfor.他正是他们在找的人。◆Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheycouldrememberintheschool.他们谈论着他们能记起的学校的那些事和人。◆Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。2．who和whom的用法who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。◆Themanwhowashereyesterdayisapainter.昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。(who作主语)◆Themanwho/whomIsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人叫史密斯。(who/whom作宾语，亦可省略)3．whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose＋名词”可以转化为“the＋名词＋ofwhich/whom”和“ofwhich/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。◆(2016·北京卷)Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildren(＝thechildrenofwhom)oftenmakealotofnoise.我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。◆Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover(＝thecoverofwhich)isgreen.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。4．as的用法as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such,thesame等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。◆Sheissuchanicegirlaswealllike.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。◆Iboughtthesamedictionaryasyouborrowed.我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典)◆ImetthesamepersonthatIsawyesterday.我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人)关系副...
