SectionⅢGrammar—复习状语和状语从句语法图解探究发现①Itcansoundverydifferentfromplacetoplace.②Forexample,withinLondonthemostfamousdialectiscockney.③Onewomanwaslyinginbed,awake.④AcustomercameuptotheauthorholdingacopyofthebookandsaidEmmaChissit.⑤Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.⑥We'llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.⑦I'llgiveyouananswerimmediatelyI'vefinishedreadingthereport.⑧Theheadofthecompanypromisedtodealwithmattersofthissortthemomenthereturnedtohisoffice.⑨Poorashewas,hewashonest.[我的发现](1)①~⑤句为词语作状语,⑥~⑨句为句子作状语。(2)④⑤为非谓语动词作状语。(3)⑥句中的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(4)⑦句用副词引导状语从句;⑧句用名词性短语引导时间状语从句。(5)⑨句中的状语从句使用了倒装语序。一、状语(一)概念修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分,叫作状语。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。(二)状语的位置修饰形容词的状语,通常放在所修饰的词之前;修饰动词的状语,一般放在所修饰的动词之后。但有些副词作状语,则放在实义动词之前,助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,如always,often,usually,never,ever等。(三)状语的构成1.副词作状语HespeaksEnglishquitefluently.他的英语说得非常流利。2.名词作状语We'llhaveaclassmeetingonMonday.我们将在星期一开班会。3.数词作状语Hecameoutfirstintheexam.他考试得了第一名。4.形容词(短语)作状语Ripe,theorangestastesweet.这些橘子熟时,味道甜美。5.不定式作状语Iopenedthewindowtoletsomefreshairin.我打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。6.分词作状语Heated,waterchangesintosteam.当水加热时,变成水蒸气。7.介词短语作状语Whenweheardthegoodnews,wejumpedwithjoy.当我们听到这个好消息时,我们高兴地跳了起来。8.独立主格作状语ItbeingSunday,thelibraryisclosed.因为是星期天,图书馆关门了。9.从句作状语Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.我们必须趁热打铁。[即时演练1]画出下列句子中的状语①When_Susan_goes_to_town,_shewillvisithergrandma.②Full_of_hope,_thelocalpeopleareworkinghardto_rebuild_their_hometown.③Having_lived_abroad_for_twenty_years,_theoldmanreturnedtohishometownwherehewasbroughtup.④Iwillstayanother_five_months.⑤Marydidn'tgoshoppingbecause_I_advised_her_not_to.⑥In_spite_of_the_heavy_rain,_theyarrived.⑦Alwayslookyourhomeworkthroughbefore_handing_it_in.二、状语从句(一)状语从句的概念及分类用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫作状语从句。可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、比较等状语从句。(二)各种状语从句的具体用法1.时间状语从句时间状语从句常由以下引导词引导:when;while;as;before;after;since;until;assoonas;nosooner...than...;hardly...when;themoment;everytime;immediately等。A.when,while,as引导的时间状语从句(1)when表示时间点时,从句中用非延续性动词;表示时间段时,用延续性动词。YouhadalreadygonewhenIarrivedthere.当我到达时,你已经走了。(when表示时间点)WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.当时住在农村,我常常为他担水。(when表示时间段)(2)while表示“在……期间”或“在某一段时间里”,它所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生。Samwentthroughamagazinewhilehewaited.萨姆一边等着一边翻阅杂志。(3)as引导的时间状语从句①as表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,一般与延续性动词连用。AsIwatchedthem,anideastruckme.我看着他们时,产生了一个想法。②as表示“一边……一边……”,强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。Asthestudentswalkedtotheirdorms,theysanghappily.学生们一边往宿舍走,一边快乐地唱着歌。③as还可以说明两种正在发展或变化的情...