SectionⅢGrammar——过去分词作状语和短语动词语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟①Seenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinycobbledstreetsthattouristsgetlostin.②Notinvited,hebecameverydisappointed.③Completelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.④Beatenbytheoppositeteam,wedidn'tloseheartandencouragedeachother.⑤AuntWucamein,followedbyherdaughter.⑥Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.⑦Canyoutrytogetthemtobringdowntheprice?⑧LincolnsaidthatitwasnotrightforthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.1.句①~⑤中黑体部分均在句中作状语,分别表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随。2.根据句②可知,过去分词作状语时,其否定形式通常是在分词前加not。3.句⑥~⑧的黑体部分是短语动词,分别由动词+介词、动词+副词、动词+副词+介词构成。一、过去分词(短语)作状语1.定义及物动词的过去分词作状语,表示被动和完成的意义,功能上相当于一个表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等的状语从句,其逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。(1)过去分词作时间状语时,可转换为when,while,after或before引导的时间状语从句。Asked(=Whenshewasasked)herfutureplans,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeateacher.当问到未来的计划时,这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。(2)过去分词作原因状语时,可转换为as,since,because等引导的原因状语从句。Frightened(=Because/Asshewasfrightened)bythetiger,thegirldidn'tdaretosleepalone.因为被老虎吓着了,这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。(3)过去分词作条件状语时,可转换为if,unless或once等引导的条件状语从句。Grown(=Iftheseseedsaregrown)inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。Given(=Ifweweregiven)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.如果给我们更多时间的话,我们可以做得更好。[名师点津]此句中的given在许多语法书中作为介词处理。(4)过去分词作让步状语时,可转换为although,though或evenif等引导的让步状语从句。Left(=Althoughhewasleft)athome,Johndidn'tfeelafraidatall.虽然John被单独留在家里,(但是)他一点都不害怕。(5)过去分词作状语表示伴随、方式或状态时,不能转换为状语从句,但是可转换为并列谓语或并列分句。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followed(=andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudents.老师进入教室,后面跟着一群学生。(6)作方式状语,如有连词asif,就转换为asif引导的方式状语从句;也可以转换为并列结构。Hebegantocryasifbittenbyasnake.=Hebegantocryasifhewasbittenbyasnake.他大叫起来,好像被蛇咬了。(7)过去分词作结果状语(相当于结果状语从句)。Hefailedinthecompetition,blamedbyhiscompanions.=Hefailedinthecompetition,sothathewasblamedbyhiscompanions.他在比赛中失败了,受到了同伴的责备。[名师点津]过去分词(短语)作时间、条件或让步状语时,为了明确其意义,有时可在过去分词(短语)前加上when,while,if,once,unless,although等连词,即我们通常所说的状语从句的省略。Ifmerelydrawnonyourimagination,thereportwillnotbeconvincing.假如仅靠你的想象去描绘,报告是不会有说服力的。Once(itis)seen,itwillnotbeforgotten.只要看见了就不会忘记它。[即时演练1]句型转换①Becauseshewasborninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.→Borninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.②Thoughheisencouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.→Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.2.过去分词作状语需注意的几个问题(1)过去分词、现在分词和不定式作状语的区别:一般说来,过去分词作状语,和句子主语是被动关系;现在分词作状语,和句子主语是主动关系;不定式作状语,一般表示目的。请比较:Seenfromthetopofthetower,ourcitylooksmorebeautiful.从塔顶上看,这座城市更漂亮。(主语thecity...