SectionⅢGrammar—复习名词性从句语法图解探究发现①WhatwefindoutfromspaceresearchisimportantforusonEarth.②It'swellknownthattheancientChineseinventedtherocket.③Wethinkitprobablethatheisdead.④Theteachershowedusthecontrolsofthespacecraftandexplainedhowgravityworked.⑤Theyinsistedthateveryone(should)cometotheparty.⑥Theproposalthatwe(should)importmoreequipmentfromabroadistobediscussedatthemeeting.⑦Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.⑧Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.⑨Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.[我的发现](1)①②句为主语从句,③④⑤句为宾语从句,⑥⑦句为同位语从句,⑧⑨句为表语从句。(2)②③⑤⑥⑧句中的引导词只起连接作用,在从句中不作成分,①⑨句中的引导词为连接代词,④⑦句中的引导词为连接副词。(3)②③句中使用了it作形式主语或形式宾语,而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。(4)⑤句中的that可省略,其他句中的that一般不可省略。(5)⑤⑥句中的从句使用了虚拟语气。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句的连接词1.that(1)that只起连接词作用,引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何成分,本身也没有词义。Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.他还活着全靠运气。JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。(2)that在引导名词性从句时,常可省略,但在以下情况中,that不宜省略。①that引导的主语从句位于句首时,that不可省略。②当动词后带有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略,从第二个从句开始that不可省略。③当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时,that不可省略。④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时,that不能省略。⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时,that一般不可省略。Theteachertoldthestudents(that)theyshouldhandintheirhomeworkthenextdayandthatthehomeworkmustbesignedbytheirparents.老师告诉学生要在第二天上交作业,并且作业必须由家长签名。Thefactthathehasfullyrecoveredmakesmefeelgood.他已痊愈,真令我高兴。2.whether/if(1)if,whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,whether与if表示“是否”,只起连接词的作用,引导从句,在从句中不作任何成分。(2)whether和if有时可通用,但在下列情况下,只可用whether:①whether引导主语从句并放在句首。②引导表语从句、同位语从句。③whether从句作介词宾语。④从句后有“ornot”。⑤后接动词不定式时。Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.现在的问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。[即时演练1]用that/whether/if填空①Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudentsthisyearistrue.②Whetherhecanfinishthistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.③Thestudentsaskedthequestionif/whetherthebookwasworthreading.④Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.⑤Idon'tknowif/whetherhestilllivesthereaftersomanyyears.⑥Weareinterestedinwhetheryouwillattendthemeeting.⑦Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.⑧Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.3.疑问词who,whom,whose,what,which,where,why,when,how疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是:(1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义;(2)疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语或状语;(3)这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。Doyouknowwhomtheyarelookingfor?你知道他们在找谁吗?Idon'tknowwhodidit.我不知道这是谁干的。[即时演练2]选词填空①IhavenoideawhyMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversity;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.②Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonderhowmuchtheycost.③Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdepend...