Module4WhichEnglishPeriod5GrammarandUsage--ReviewadverbialandadverbialclausesGoalsToreviewadverbialandadverbialclauses.TodiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressionsTodiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructuresGrammar(1)ReviewofadverbialStep1:Usesofadverbial英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。1.副词一般在句子中做状语．HespeaksEnglishverywell.Heisplayingunderthetree.中的underthetree2.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。Icomespeciallytoseeyou.3.介词短语Myparentsoftentellusabouttheirbitterlifeinthepast.Tenyearsago,shebegantoliveinDalian.HelivedinAustralia.Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery.4.从句作状语Whenshewas12yearsold,shebegantoliveinDalian.Youwon’tpasstheexamunlessyoustudyhard.IfIamnotbusytomorrow,Iwillplayfootballwithyou.5.分词作状语Havinghadaquarrelwithhiswife,helefthomeinabadtemper.Inhibitedinonedirection,itnowseemsthattheMississippiisabouttotakeanother.Step2:Exercisesonthestudents’books1.Activity1Forreferencea:1,3,5,7;b:2,6;c:7;d:4;e:8.2.Activity2Forreference1.resultadverbial2.manneradverbial3.degreeadverbial4.placeadverbial.5.causeadverbial6.timeadverbial7.frequencyadverbial3.Activity3Forreference1.today2.anareaofcentralEngland3.very4.betweennorthandsouth5.oftheregion用心爱心专心116号编辑6.Duringthe13thand14thcenturies7.becauseofthenewopportunitiesthecityoffered8.often.Grammar(2)ReviewofadverbialclauseStep1:Usesofadverbialclause状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词等，按意义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较等状语从句。1.时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词有after,as,before,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,assoonas,nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,scarcely…when…等，以及名词短语themoment,theinstant,everytime等。如：Isawhimwhen/whilehewasgoingoutoftheroom.在他走出房间时我碰见了他。Edison’smotherhadbeenateacherbeforeshegotmarried.爱迪生的妈妈结婚前是位老师。Onceyougetusedtoit,you’lllikeit.你一旦习惯了它，就会喜欢上它。IrecognizedyouthemomentIsawyou.我一看见你就认出了你。注意：nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,scarcely…when…这三个结构意为“一…就…”，相当于assoonas，均可引导时间状语从句，但只能用于过去时，即主谓语用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Nosooner,hardly,scarcely置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。如：我一到家，天就下起雨来了。可译为：AssoonasIcamehome,itbegantorain.Ihadnosoonercomehomethanitbegantorain.Ihadhardly/scarcelycomehomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIcomehomethanitbegantorain.Hardly/scarcelyhadIcomehomewhenitbegantorain.2.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where,wherever等引导。如：Helivedwhereheliked.他住在他喜欢的地方。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。（谚语）Wherevertheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.他们所到之处都受到热烈欢迎。3.原因状语从句原因状语从句通常由because,since,as,nowthat等引导。如：Hedidn’tattendthemeetingbecausehehadtoomuchworktodo.他因为要干的活太多没来参加会议。Sincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeoneelse.既然他回答不了这个问题，你最好问别人吧。AsIhaven’tseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.由于我没看过这部电影，所以谈不出对它有什么看法。Nowthatyouhavecome,youmaystay.你既然来了，就留下吧。注意：for也可表“原因”，语气较弱，有时可与because换用，但它...
