Unit4Earthquakes-Grammar教案1．TeachingobjectivesLearntousedirectspeechandindirectspeech2.TeachingimportantpointSummarizetherulesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.3.TeachingdifficultpointLearnaboutthespecialcasesinwhichthetensesshouldn’tbechanged.4.TeachingmethodsDiscussing,summarizingandpracticing.5.TeachingproceduresStep1LeadinT:Inthelastlesson,welearnedAnneFrank’sstory.Sheistellingherstoriestotwoofherfriends—youandTom.Tomhassomethingwrongwithhisears,soyouhavetorepeatAnne’ssentences,usingindirectspeech.SometimesyouexplainTom’ssentencestoAnne.“Ihavetostayinthehidingplace.”saidAnne.→Annesaidshehadtostayinthehidingplace.“Doyoufeelsadwhenyouarenotabletogooutdoors?”TomaskedAnne.→TomaskedAnneif/whethershefeltsadwhenshewasnotabletogooutdoors.“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”saidAnne.→Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?”Tomasked.→Tomaskedwhatshecalledherdiary.Ssgoonthistopicbythemselves.Step2GrammarT:Nowlet’slookatthesesentencesagain.IfwewanttochangeDirectSpeechintoIndirectSpeech,whatshouldbechanged?Ssdiscussbythemselves.Ss:sentencestructures,tenses,pronouns,adverbialsoftimeandplaceandverbsshouldbechanged.T:Quiteright.Lookattheformonthescreen.Thesearetherules.用心爱心专心直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导。例如：Shesaid,"Iamveryhappytohelpyou."→Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.2.直接引语是一般/选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。例如：Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?"→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.注意：大多数情况下，if和whether可以互换，但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如：Mysisteraskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?"→MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.4.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如：Thecaptainordered,"Bequiet."→Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,"Don'tlaugh."→Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.5.一些注意事项(1)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：HeaskedLucy,"Wheredidyougo?"→HeaskedLucywhereshewent.Tomsaid,"Whatdoyouwant,Ann?"→TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.(2)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：Theytoldtheirson,"Theearthgoesroundthesun."→Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.(3)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如：用心爱心专心Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."→Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechPresentpastPastpastandpastperfectPresentperfectpastperfectPastperfectpastperfectPresentcontinuouspastcontinuousStep3practiceT:TurntoPage5.Pleasechangethefollowingdirectspeechintoindirectspeechandindirectintodirect.1.“I’mgoingtohidefromtheGermans,”Annesaid.2.“Idon’tknowtheaddressofmynewhome,”saidAnne.3.“Icannotaskmyfatherbecauseitisnotsafetoknow,”shesaid.4.“Ihadtopackupmythingsveryquickly,”thegirlsaid.5.“Whydidyouchooseyourdiaryandoldletters?”Dadaskedher.6.Mumaskedherif/whethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.7.Margotaskedherwhatelseshehadgot.8.Anneaskedherfatherwhentheywouldgobackhome.9.Anneaskedhersisterhowshecouldseeherfriends.10.MotheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.Step4CorrectingmistakesTanalysesthecommonmistakesSshavemadeduringthepractice.T:Nowlet’slookatthescreenandpayattentiontothesesentences.Choosetherightsentenceandtellmewhytheotheroneiswrong.Step5AgamePlayaguessinggame“whoismysecretfriend?”Onestudentcomestothefrontwithhispartner.用心爱心专心Thereststudentsaskhimquestionswhilehispartnerchangesthemintoindirectspeech.Intheend,thepersonwhohasguessedtherightanswercancometothefronttotaketheplaceofthefirststudent.Sothegamegoeson.Suggestedsentences:Canyourfriendspeak?Whatdoeshe/sheweartoday?Ishe/shetallorshort?Whatdoyouandyourfrienddoinyourfreetime?Doyouquarrelwitheachother?...Step6HomeworkDoExercise1onPage42.HereisanotherpageofAnne’sdiary.Readitthroughandthenuseindirectspeechtoretellthestory.用心爱心专心
