五、连词连词是虚词,不能在句中单独担任成分,只起连接作用。按其用法,连词可分为两大类:并列连词和从属连词。1并列连词连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。⒈并列关系:and,notonly…butalso…,both…and…,neither…nor…如:IusedtoliveinParisandLondon.BothJaneandJimareinterestedinfishing.Theweatherhereisneithertoocoldnortoohot.Sheisnotonlykindbutalsohonest.⒉转折关系:but,yet,while(然而),when(然而,偏偏)如:Thecarisveryoldbutitrunsveryfast.Theproblemwasalittlehard,yetIwasabletoworkitout.ThewinterinBeijingisverycoldwhilethatofKunmingiswarm.Whydidyouborrowthebookwhenyouhadone?⒊选择关系:or,not…but…,either…or…如:Wouldyouliketoliveorwouldyouliketostay?Heisnotateacherbutawriter.YoucancomeeitheronSaturdayoronSunday.⒋因果关系:for如:Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.Theleavesofthetreesarefalling.foralreadyautumn.5.区别①and和or⑴并列结构中,or通常用于否定句,and用于肯定句。⑵但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点:如:Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.在否定中并列结构用or连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用and。判断改错:(错)Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.(错)Wecaitlivewithoutairorwater.(对)Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.(对)Wecantlivewithoutairandwater.②表示选择的并列结构⑴or意思为“否则"。Imustworkhard,orIwillfailintheexam.⑵either,or意思为”或者……或者……注意谓语动词采用就近原则。EitheryouorIamright.③表示转折或对比⑴but表示转折,while表示对比。Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.⑵not…but…意思为“不是……而是……"not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.③表原因关系⑴for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。判断改错:(错)Forheisill,heisabsenttoday.(对)Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.④so,therefore如:Hehurthisleg,sohecoudn’tlplayinthegame.注意:a.两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore,then,yet可以和并列连词连用。YoucanwatchTV,and/oryoucangotobed.b.although,yet但although不能与but连用。⑤注意:notonly,butalso关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。如:Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.neither…nor…意思为“既不……也不……“谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。⑥比较so和such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。⑴somany已成固定搭配,alotof虽相当于many,但alotof为名词性的,只能用such搭配。⑵so,that与such,that之间的转换即为so与such之间的转换。2从属连词指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。⒈常见的从属连词有:引导时间状语从句的:after,before,when,as,while,since,until,till,assoonas引导原因状语从句的:because,since,as引导让步状语从句的:although,though,nomatter(无论),evenif(though)引导条件状语从句的:if,unless,once,as(so)longas引导结果状语从句的:so,sothat,so…that…,such…that…引导目的状语从句的:so,sothat…,inorderthat…引导比较状语从句的:as…as,notso(as),as,than引导方式状语从句的:as,asif…,asthough引导地点状语从句的:where,wherever引导名词性从句(主语,宾语、表语或同位语从句)的连词主要有:that,whether,if三个。其中that和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。⒉某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别①当while,when,as引导时间状语从句时的区别:⑴while引导的状语从句中动词必须是延续性。谓语动词多为进行时,或状态动词的一般时。whil...