Module1SmallTalkPartOne:TeachingDesign第一部分教学设计Period2:FUNCTION—TalkingaboutobligationorlackofobligationGoalsTolearntotalkingaboutobligationorlackofobligation●Procedures▇WarmingupbylearningaboutwhatisobligationHello,class.Weshalllearntotalkabout“obligation”orlackof“obligation”.Butfirstwhatis“obligation”?Itisanoun,meaning1.Amoralorlegaldutyortie.2.Thebindingpowerofsuchadutyortie.3.Adebtofgratitudeforaservice.Example:beunderobligationtoherIfyouhavenotsignedacontract,youareundernoobligationto(=itisnotnecessaryto)paythemanymoney.Youhavealegalobligationto(=Thelawsaysyoumust)ensureyourchildreceivesapropereducation.Ihaven'tgottimetodohisworkforhim-I'vegottoomanyobligationsasitis.Atenderconscienceisastrongerobligationthanaprison.Everymanhasobligationswhichbelongtohisstation.Dutiesextendbeyondobligation,anddirecttheaffections,desires,andintentions,aswellastheactions.■Talkingaboutobligationorlackofobligation100%necessity:◆Youmustleavestraightaway.Youhave[got]toleavestraightaway.mustv.have[got]toGenerally,mustshowswhatthespeakerfeelsanditisthespeaker'sauthority;have[got]toiswhenthespeakerusesanexternalforcewhichtheycannotcontrol:用心爱心专心doctortopatient:You'vegottostopsmoking.patienttothemself:Imuststopsmoking.0%necessity:◆Wedon'thavetopaytogetin.Wehavenotgottoseethebossafterall.Weneedn'tstaylate.Thesehaveanelementofbeingoptional,i.e.weneedn'tstaylatebutwecanifwewantto.obligation:◆Yououghttocallyourmother.Youshouldcallyourmother.Theseshowthatcallingyourmotheristherightthingtodo.Thereisnorealdifferencebetweenoughttoandshould,butoughttoisperhapsalittlestronger.Weuseneedn'ttoshowanactionisoptional-IcandoitifIwantto.Weusemustn'ttosayanactionisforbidden-Ihavenochoice.■MakingadialoguetalkingaboutobligationorlackofobligationA:Ihavetoworkalldaylongtomorrow.B:Youmustn'tworkallthetime.Youwillruinyourhealth.A:MustIreturnthebooktomorrow?B:Yes,youhaveto.A:Hehadtogobecauseofsomebody'scallinghimthatday.B:Idon’tthinkso.Hecouldcallback.A:Ihavelotsofworktodo.Idon’tliketoworkonSundays.B:Youmustdoitnow.A:Ihavetogonow.B:Butyoumuststaytillhecomes.A:NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow?B:No,youneedn’t.Youcouldreadmynotestakenatthemeetingthen.A:MustIhandinthepaperthisweek?B:No,youneedn’t.Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.A:Yououghttoreadthesebooksifyouwanttoknowhowtorepairthemotorcar.B:ButIhavenotimetoreadthem.A:Yououghttobringthechildhere.用心爱心专心B:Allright.Iwill.A:Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.B:Buttherehavebeenmuchtraffic.A:Yououghtnottohavetakenthebookoutofthereading-room.B:Ididnotknowabouttheruleshere.A:Ihavetogonow.B:Butyouhavetocookformychild.A:Youmustbehereontimenexttime.B:Certainly.Butwemustgotogetthetimetableourselves.DialoguesforSmallTalkandIntroductionsPartI:Readthefollowingdialogueandanswerthedialogueanalysisquestionsthatfollow.Situation:Twoforeignstudentsaresittingatacounterinarestaurantwaitingtobeserved.Thewaiterisverybusywithothercustomers.Afterafewminutes,onestudentturnstotheotherandspeaks.Characters:Aliisan18-year-oldstudentfromSaudiArabia.HehascometotheUnitedStatestostudyEnglishforayearandthenwillreturntohiscountry.Mariaisa19-year-oldstudentfromVenezuela.ShewillstudyEnglishforfivemonthsandthengotoColumbiaUniversityinNewYorktostudyengineering.●SmallTalkDialogueMaria:Theserviceisreallyslowhere.I'vebeentryingtogetthewaiter'sattentionforthelasttenminutes.Ali:Ihop...
