非谓语动词用法讲座---现在分词分词有现在分词和过去分词，有动词的特征，有形容词和副词的功能。现在分词有主动意义，而及物动词的过去分词具有被动意义，不及物动词具有主动意义，表示已经发生过的事情。一、现在分词1．表语许多现在分词已经成为形容词，如amusing,annoying,astonishing,attracting,boring,disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,embarrassing,exciting,fascinating,frightening,interesting,inspiring,inviting,pleasing,puzzling,shocking,surprising,tiring等，都具有主动意义，译成“令人…的”，但是missing是主动表示被动。这些词同普通形容词一样可以由副词修饰，也可以有比较等级。问：这些词能做定语和补语吗？Thestoryisamusing,moreamusingthanalltheothers.注意：go,come,sit,stand等动词后面能接-ing作表语（或理解为状语）。如：Jimhasgonefishing.I’drathercomewalkingwithhim.Wesattellingstoriestothechildren.Hestoodwatchingthefootballmatch.2．宾语以下几类动词可以接现在分词作宾补：1）see,hear,smell,feel,watch,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等表示感觉的动词，现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生。Canyousmellanythingburning?Isawthemswimminginthepooljustnow.2）have,keep,get,set,send,leave等表示“致使”等意义的动词。Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.Hisremarksleftmewonderinghisrealpurpose.注意：感觉动词后面的现在分词宾补表示正在进行的动作，即非全过程；要表示动作的全过程，要用不定式。Isawhimcrossingtheroad.Isawhimcrosstheroad.3．定语现在分词可以前置和后置。1）前置通常由一个现在分词承当。hard-workingpeople,thatnever-endingquarrel,fine-lookingbuildings,anEnglish-speakingman;2）后置通常由一个现在分词短语承当。IhaveafriendlivinginLondon.Willthepeoplesittingatthebackpleasekeepquiet?4．状语1）时间状语常在句首。Hearingthebadnews,sheburstintotears.Once,whileworkingonanewinvention,Edisonmade8,000testswithoutsuccess.Havingarrivedatadecision,theyimmediatelysettowork.2）条件状语较少见，常在句首。Workinghard,youwillmakeit.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.3）原因状语常在句首。Notunderstandingtheproblem,heaskedtheteacheragain.Beingashyman,Einsteindidnotattendhisfiftiethbirthdayparty.HavinglivedinBerlinsomanyyears,heknewthecityquitewell.4）结果状语常在句末。Hedroppedthecup,breakingitintopieces.OnebyonePetersoldhistomatoes,gettingonlyasmallamountoftheirworth.5）程度状语常在句末。Thesoupisboilinghot.Itisfreezingcold.6）伴随状语常在句末，表示伴随情况、行为方式、补充说明等。Theystoodattheroadside,watchingtheprocession.Thechildrenranout,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Hesatatthewindowreading.7）独立成分表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度。Judgingfromwhatyousay,hehasdonehisbest.Generallyspeaking,thisbookisnoteasy.8）独立主格结构Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,wewentaway.Shesobbed,tearsrollingdownhercheeks.Weatherpermitting,I’llgoskating.Hesatthere,childrenplayingroundhim.注意：1）名词化的现在分词。HelenKellerworkedhardtohelpthesickandthedying.2）有些名词就是-ing结尾的。Hegavemeagoodbeating.Theydidallthecookingbythemselves.Thebuildingofaneweconomyrequiresallourefforts.
