2020届北京高三化学一轮复习盐类的水解（综合测试）一、选择（单选，共42分）1、相同温度、相同浓度下的六种溶液，其pH由小到大的顺序如图所示，图中①②③代表的物质可能分别为()A．NH4Cl(NH4)2SO4CH3COONaB．(NH4)2SO4NH4ClCH3COONaC．(NH4)2SO4NH4ClNaOHD．CH3COOHNH4Cl(NH4)2SO4答案B2．室温下，0.5mol·L－1相同体积的下列四种溶液①KCl、②FeCl3、③HF、④Na2CO3，其中所含阳离子数由多到少的顺序是()A．④>①＝②>③B．①>④>②>③C．④>①>③>②D．④>②>①>③答案D3．常温下，Na2CO3溶液中存在平衡：CO2－3＋H2OHCO－3＋OH－，下列有关该溶液的说法正确的是()A．离子浓度：c(Na＋)＞c(CO2－3)＞c(OH－)＞c(H＋)B．升高温度，平衡向逆反应方向移动C．加入CaCl2浓溶液，溶液的pH增大D．加入NaOH固体，溶液的pH减小答案A2．为了配制NH＋4的浓度与Cl－的浓度比为1∶1的溶液，可在NH4Cl溶液中加入()①适量的HCl②适量的NH4Cl固体③适量的氨水④适量的NaOHA．①②B．③C．②③D．③④答案4(2019年湖北恩施)下列与盐的水解有关的是()①NH4Cl溶液与ZnCl2溶液均可作焊接金属中的除锈剂②NaHCO3溶液与Al2(SO4)3溶液可作泡沫灭火剂③草木灰与铵态氮肥不能混合施用AlCl3Al(OH)3ABCDD5(2018)FeCl3()AFeCl3FeCl3B5molL10.5molL1FeCl3Fe3CFeCl3502050Fe320DFe3FeCl3C6()ANH4ClBFeSO4FeCDFeCl3CaCO3B7()0.1molL1CH3COONa0.1molL1CH3COOHABc(Na)c(CH3COO)c(H)c(OH)CcCH3COOHcOHcNaDCH3COONacCH3COOcNaA8250.10mol/LNaHBpH9.1()ANaHBNaHB===NaHB2BH2BH2SO4NaOHCNaHBc(Na)>c(HB)>c(OH)>c(H)Dc(H)109.1mol/LC9(2018)NaHSO3pH7()Ac(Na)c(HSO3)c(H2SO3)c(SO23)Bc(Na)c(HSO3)c(SO23)Cc(Na)c(H)2c(SO23)Dc(Na)c(H)c(HSO3)c(OH)B100.100molL1NaOH20.00mL0.100molL1()ABpH7V(NaOH)20.00mLCV(NaOH)20.00mLc(Cl)c(CH3COO)DV(NaOH)10.00mLc(Na)>c(CH3COO)>c(H)>c(OH)B110.1molL1pHCH3COONaNaHCO3Na2CO3NaClOpH8.89.711.610.3()A>>>BNa2CO3NaHCO3CCH3COOHHClOpHHClODNa2CO3c(Na)c(CO23)c(HCO3)c(H2CO3)B12()ACO23H2OHCO3OHBAl33H2OAl(OH)33HCTiCl4(x2)H2O()TiO2xH2O4HClTiO2xH2ODSnCl2H2OSn(OH)ClHClSnCl2SnCl2D130.1molL1()ANH4Clc(Cl)c(H)c(NH4)c(OH)BNa2CO3c(Na)c(CO23)c(HCO3)c(OH)c(H)CNaHCO3c(Na)c(CO23)c(HCO3)c(OH)c(H)D(NH4)2SO4c(NH4)c(SO24)c(H)c(OH)D1425H2RpKa11.85pKa27.45(pKalgKa)20mL0.1molL1H2R0.1molL1NaOHpHNaOH()Aac(H2R)c(HR)c(R2)0.1molL1Bbc(Na)>c(HR)>c(H2R)>c(R2)Ccc(Na)<3c(R2)Ddc(Na)>c(R2)>c(HR)D581510(1)0.1molL18HNO3H2SO4CH3COOHBa(OH)2NaOHCH3COONaKClNH4ClpH________________()(2)pH6pH8Na2CO3c(OH)xmolL1ymolL1________()ax102ybx102ycxydxy(3)0.1molL1HAcHcOH1080.1molL1HApH13NaOH()__________()______________________()c(H)________()0.1molL1NaOHc(H)(1)(2)a(3)AH2OHAOH16140.01molL1CH3COONaNH4NO3(1)0.01molL1CH3COONa________________________(2)________ABCNH4NO3DNH4NO3(3)0.01molL1CH3COONaNaOHNa2CO3FeSO4CH3COO________________________________()(1)CH3COOH23COOHOH(2)BD(3)1710100mL0.01molL1HA0.02molL1MOHpH()(1)HA________()________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)MApHaa______(><)7________________________c(OH)____________(3)K________________________________________________________________________(4)Kc(M)c(MOH)________(><)2c(A)pH10c(MOH)c(OH)________molL1(1)0.01molL1HApH2c(H)0.01molL1(2)c(A)>c(OH)>c(H)(4)0.0051814HANaOHpHHA(molL1)NaOH(molL1)pH0.10.1pH9c0.2pH70.20.1pH<7(1)HA__________________________________________________(2)c________0.2(><)(3)HA________()NaA_________________________________________________________(4)c(OH)________molL1c(Na)c(A)________molL1c(OH)c(HA)________molL1(1)(2)>(3)c(A)>c(Na)>c(H)>c(OH)(4)105(105109)1091916NH4Al(SO4)2NH4HSO4(1)NH4Al(SO4)2______________________________________________________________()(2)0.1molL1NH4Al(SO4)2c(NH4)________()0.1molL1NH4HSO4c(NH4)(3)10.1molL1pH0.1molL1NH4Al(SO4)2pH________()pH______________________________________________________________________________________________200.1molL1NH4Al(SO4)22c(SO24)c(NH4)3c(Al3)________(4)100mL0.1molL1NH4HSO40.1molL1NaOHpHNaOH2abcd____________b________________________________(1)Al3Al(OH)3Al33H2OAl(OH)3()3HAl(OH)3(2)(3)NH4Al(SO4)2pH103molL1(4)ac(Na)>c(SO24)>c(NH4)>c(OH)c(H)
