句子成分及句型MembersandStructuresofaSentence句子分类简单句复合句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子。eg:Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspictures.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如，and,but,or,soeg:TomlikesdrawingbutMikelikesdancing.并列复合句主从复合句由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有主谓结构。定语从句状语从句名词性语从句：主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句英语的五中基本句型1、主+谓S+V2、主+谓+宾S+V+O3、主+系+表S+V+P4、主+谓+间宾+直宾S+V+o+O5、主+谓+宾+宾补S+V+O+C句子成分由词或词组充当英语的八种基本成分：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）、状语（adverbial）、补语（complement）、同位语（appositive）主语subject一般位于句首，可由名词、主格代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Whathehassaidistrue.挑出下列句子的主语1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.3.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.4.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.5.It’snecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.谓语predicate一般位于主语之后，简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成，复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词构成，是完整的时态和语态。Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Shelookedaftertwobabies.HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehasfinishedthehomework.挑出下列句子的谓语1.Hemanagedtofinishthehomeworkintime.2.IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor10years.3.Heshouldtellmethetruth.4.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikestudy.5.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.宾语object一般位于谓语之后，是动作是接受者，可由名词、代词、介词短语、非谓语、从句等充当。Ilikemyjob.Iloveyou.Hewantedtolivehere.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.Heaskedwherehewas.•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人Hegavemesomebooks.Pleasepassmethebook.Heboughtmesomeflowers.挑出下列句子的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.3.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?4.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?5.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.宾语补足语objectcomplement一般位于宾语之后，对宾语作出说明的成分。Ifoundthebookinteresting.DoyouhearTomsinging.Hemadehimselfunderstood.Heaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.挑出下列句子的宾语补足语1.Helikesthechildrentoreadnewspaper.2.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.3.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.4.TheycallmeLilysometimes.5.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.定语attribute用于限定、修饰名词或代词，译为“…的”，一般由形容词充当，还可以由名词充当，表用途，也可由介词词组、非谓语动词或从句充当。abeautifulgirlapencilboxthebooksontheshelfameetingtoattendThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyhard.挑出下列句子的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe.状语adverbial用于修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语或句子，可表示时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.挑出下列句子的状语1.Therewasabigsmileonherface.2.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.3.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.4.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.表语predicative位于系动词后，常见的系动词有：be动词（am,isare）感官系动词（look,smell,sound,feel,taste）变化系动词（become,grow,gocome,turn,fall,get）状态系动词（seem,appear,keep,remain,stay）挑出下列句子的表语1.Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.2.Theleaveshasturnedyellow.3.Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.同位语appositive当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分用来说明、解释另一个句子成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.Weallarestudents.Haveatrya.S+Vb.S+V+Oc.S+V+Pd.S+V+o+Oe.S+V+O+C1.Pleasetellusastory.2.Henoticedamanentertheroom.3.Ihavealotworktodo.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.Hesmiled.6.Pleaselookatthepicture.aecdeb
