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八年级（上）文言文阅读训练小石潭记1..解释下列词语篁竹__________清冽__________冽__________可__________许__________下澈__________佁然__________其境过清__________俶尔__________斗折__________蛇行__________悄怆__________幽邃__________隶__________翕忽__________2.翻译：⑴如鸣佩环__________________________________⑵全石以为底_____________________________________________________________⑶蒙络摇缀，参差披拂______________________________________________________⑷日光下澈，影布石上，佁然不动______________________________________________⑸俶尔远逝，往来翕忽________________________________________________________⑹斗折蛇行，明灭可见________________________________________________________⑺犬牙差互⑻凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃3.填空：第一段写潭写树，“隔篁竹，闻水声”写出了___________、___________，小石潭的特点是_________,___________。最后一句写潭四周的树木，有形有色，动静结合，生动传神，语言精练。第二段写鱼写水，实写______虚写_______,突出了__________。第三段写______的_______和_______的_____,“犬牙差互”用了_______的手法。第四段写______、抒________,“寂寥无人，凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃”既是对______________的感受，也是政治受挫遭贬谪后___________心情的写照。“以其境过清，不可久居，乃记之而去”写出了作者内心的________________________________。本文通过对小石潭优美、幽深景物的描绘，表达了作者孤寂悲凉、忧伤抑郁的情怀。满井游记1.解释下列加点词冻风时作__________局促_____________土膏__________乍明__________晴雪__________靧面__________始掠__________泉而茗__________罍而歌__________红装__________蹇者__________汗出浃背__________呷浪之鳞__________未始__________隳事__________潇然__________2.翻译写列句子。⑴冻风时作______________________________⑵若脱笼之鹄__________________________⑶娟然如拭_____________________________⑷麦田浅鬣寸许_________________________⑸如倩女之靧面而髻鬟之始掠也__________________________________________⑹泉而茗者，罍而歌者，红装而蹇者________________________________________________⑺曝沙之鸟，呷浪之鳞____________________________________________________________3.本文以_________为线索，写出了________时节满井的美丽景色。春水的特点是___________________，春山的特点是___________________，春柳的特点是____________，春苗的特点是_____________，鸟鱼的特点是________________________。本文的主旨句是__________________________________________。4.第一段写的是北京城里早春天气特点，表现在_冻风时作、余寒犹厉、和飞沙走砾上，本段的作用是:极写燕地之寒、渲染被拘束的苦闷，为下文写天暖出游作了铺垫，表现满井春色的美好，更突出出游时的快乐、舒畅。5.与“若脱笼之鹄”照应的句子是“_______________”,与“柳条将舒未舒”照应的句子是“______________”,总写满井之景的词语是“_______”和“________”,写游人的句子是____________________________，写早春动物活动的句子是___________________________。本文曲折地表现了作者淡泊名利、厌弃官场和寄情山石草木的逸然情怀。6.归纳每段意思：城中余寒犹厉；郊外满井春色；抒发潇然心情。曹刿论战1.解释下列词语肉食者__________间__________鄙__________何以战__________弗__________专__________安__________对__________加__________信__________未孚__________福__________狱__________察__________情__________忠__________鼓__________败绩__________驰_________既__________问其故__________一鼓作气__________再__________竭__________盈__________测__________伏__________靡__________2.翻译下列句子⑴何以战______________________⑵必以分人______________________⑶牺牲玉帛_____________________⑷忠之属也______________________⑸可以一...