语法专题之构词法一、名词的构词法1．动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-alapprove→approval赞成；批准；refuse→refusal拒绝propose→proposal提议；建议；survive→survival幸存-anceattend→attendance出席；参加；guide→guidance指引；指导annoy→annoyance恼怒；assist→assistance帮助-enceexist→existence存在；生存；prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅；occur→ocurrence发生-ioneducate→education教育；evaluate→evaluation评估construct→construction建设；discuss→discussion讨论-ptiondescribe→description描述；subsribe→subscription订阅prescribe→precription处方；assume→assumption假设-ationexpect→expectation期待；期望；explain→explanation解释invite→invitation邀请；starve→starvation挨饿identify→identification识别；classify→classification分类-(s)sionrevise→revision修订decide→decision决定expand→expansion膨胀；permit→permission允许admit→admission接纳；submit→submission提交；服从-ing(s)suffer→suffering苦难；begin→beginning开始hear→hearing听力；听觉；train→training培训earn→earnings收入；belong→belongings财产-mentargue→argument辩论；论据；achieve→achievement功绩；成就treat→treatment对待；治疗；equip→euipment设备-urepress→pressure压力；fail→failure失败；未做（应作之事）-turemix→mixture混合；混合物；depart→departure离开；出发-yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈；discover→discovery发现；inquire→inquiry询问其他grow→growth成长；发展；choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类；tend→tendency趋向；趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效；private→privacy隐私fluent→fluency流利；流畅；accurate→accuracy准确性-domwise→wisdom智慧；free→freedom自由-cedifferent→difference差异；silent→silence沉默present→presence出席；存在；convenient→convenience便利-thwarm→warmth温暖；热情；true→truth真相wide→width宽度；strong→strength力气；强项-nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点；ill→illness疾病careless→carelessness粗心大意；lonely→loneliness孤独-y/-ty/-itydifficult→difficulty困难；cruel→cruelty残酷；loyal→loyalty忠诚safe→safety安全；able→ability能力；simple→simplicity简朴3.表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见后缀有：后缀例词-arlie→liar说谎者-erteach→teacher老师；strange→stranger陌生人employ→employer雇主；interview→interviewer采访者；面试官-eeemploy→employee雇员；train→trainee受训练人；学员interview→interviewee被采访者；被面试者-orinvent→inventor发明家；educate→educator教育家donate→donator捐赠者；act→actor演员-esswait→waitress女服务员；act→actress女演员host→女主人；女主持人；god-goddess女神-eseVietnam→vietnamese越南人；China→Chinese中国人Japan→Japanese日本人；Portugal→Portuguese葡萄牙人-anAmerica→American美国人；Australia→Australian澳大利亚人Italy→Italian意大利人；Egypt→Egyptian埃及人-ianmusic→musician音乐家；history→historian历史学家politics→politician政治家；ibrary→librarian图书管理员-istnovel→novelist小说家;；special→specialist专家tour→tourist观光者；游客；chemisty→chemist化学家-antassist→assistant助手；店员；serve→servant仆人participate→participan参加者；attend→attendant服务人员；随从二、形容词、副词构词法1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableaccept→acceptable可接受的；forgive→forgivable可原谅的respect→respectable值得尊敬的；reason→reasonable有道理的alorigin→original最初的；person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心...
