非谓语动词用法一概述：在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词.非谓语动词有动词不定式；现在分词；过去分词.非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词）,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中作状语.二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）否定式：not+(to)do（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,例如：I'mgladtomeetyou.Heseemstoknowalot.Weplantopayavisit.Hewantstobeanartist.Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如：Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如：Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.2．不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.（2）作表语：Herjobistocleanthehall.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.（3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语（不定式）后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如：MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如：Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如：HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.（4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如：Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema．有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to,如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系：①动宾关系：Ihaveameetingtoattend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如：Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Whatdidyouopenitwith?如果不定式修饰time,place,way,可以省略介词：Hehasnoplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Haveyougotanythingtosend?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?②说明所修饰名词的内容：Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：Heisthefirsttogethere.（6）作状语：①表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.wrong：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.right：TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.②表结果：Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.③表原因：Theywereverysadtohearthenews.④表程度：It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.（7）作独立成分...
