简单句和句子成分专题考点1简单句的五大基本句式：1.主语+系动词+表语Helookhappytoday,2.主语+不及物动词（+状语）Thepricehasgonedown.3.主语+及物动词+宾语Wehelpeachother.4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Yesterdayhegaveussomenewpens./gavesomenewpenstous.Fatherboughtmeanewbikeyesterday./boughtanewbikeformeyesterday.这种句型是及物动词带双宾语，当句中间接宾语放在直接宾语前时，间接宾语要加介词_____或_______.这种动词有give,hand,read,show,tell,throw,wish,buy,do,make,ask,leave等。5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补1）call,name,make等动词通常用名词作宾补TheynamedtheirsonDick.Weallcallmypetdog“LittleTom”.2）keep,get,find,make等动词常用形容词作宾补Wewanttomakeourschoolmorebeautiful.3）不定式作宾补通常用在ask,like,tell,want等动词之后Ilikethechildrentostudyhard.4）在使役动词let,have,make和感官动词see,watch,hear,feel等后面用不带to的不定式作宾补，help后面的宾补不定式带to,不带to都可以。Don’thavethestudentsdotoomuchhomework.即学即练：找出下列句子的句子结构。1.Happybirthday,Alice.Soyouhaveturnedtwenty-onealready.2.Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentsinthecoaltime,shewentpale.3.Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskiingontheweekend.4.Booksofthiskindsellswell.5.Shesenthermotheranicenewcar.6.Iwantthelettertobereadytomorrow.考点2祈使句和感叹句1.肯定的祈使句1）句型：动词原形+其他成分（省略主语）Standup.2）有时为加强语气可以在动词前加doDostudyhard.3）用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please前面一定要加逗号。Gothisway,please.4）祈使句中如果有呼语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或句尾。LiMing,comehere.2.否定的祈使句Don’t+动词原形+其他成分Don’tswimintheriver.3.含有第一，第三人称主语的祈使句：Let+me/us+其他成分。Let+第三人称（him/her/it/them或名词）+其他成分。Let’ssaygood-byehere.Don’tlethimdothatagain.4.祈使句+and/or/otherwise+简单句，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.Hurryup,oryou’llbelatefortheparty.即学即练：1.----Oh,Ifailedagain.----Don’tloseheart.Onemoreeffort,______youwillsucceed.AsothatBthereforeChoweverDand2.----HowcanIwakeupsoearly?----Setthealarmat5o’clock,______you’llmakeit.AbutBorCandDso3.请照看好您的包。________________________________________________________________________4.让我们去学校吧______________________________________________________________________15.亲爱的，高兴点儿。______________________________________________________________________6.不要把书放这儿。______________________________________________________________________7.不要让猫进来。______________________________________________________________________考点3.感叹句的基本表达感叹句，通常由what,how引导，表示赞美，惊叹，喜悦等感情。What修饰_________how修饰______,_________,____________.1.How+形容词+a(n)+名词+陈述语序！How+形容词或副词+陈述语序！Howcleveraboyheis!Howbusysheis!2.What+a(n)+形容词+名词+陈述语序！What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序！What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序！Whatacleverboyheis!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!Whatcoldweatheritis!即学即练：1.________foodyou’vecooked!AHowaniceBWhataniceCHowniceDWhatnice2._________terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!AwhatBWhataCHowDHowa3.----_______Ihad!----Youreallysufferedalot.AWhatatimeBWhattimeCHowatimeDHowtime考点4反意疑问句的三大问题。一、肯定否定的问题1.陈述句中包含有如下的否定词no,few,little,nothing,nobody或否定副词，如seldom,hardly,never,rarely,nowhere,则简短问句用肯定形式。Hewasunsuccessful,wasn’the?Heseldomplaysfootball,doeshe?Sheseldomw...
