定语从句课件VIP免费

限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that,不能省略引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略一、定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk.先行词和关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。先行词、关系词/引导词{对等}代替Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.先行词＝关系词bike关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分。关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sisterIhaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)关系代词：（如上例who/which）1.除了代替先行词外，2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分，3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）说明如下Thebuildingisourschool.+Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.=Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词从句which、that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。(主句)Thewomanismymother(从句)Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting.Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.{主语是单数}(主句)Thewomenarefamousscientists.(从句)Thewomenarespeakingatthemeeting.Thewomenthat/whoarespeakingatthemeetingarefamousscientists.{主语是复数}关系词判断步骤:首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主格宾格所有格人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句)关系代词的使用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。1.that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.）1)Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.2)Whowashurtintheaccidentthat/whichhappenedyesterday?3)Haveyoufoundthebike（that/which）youlost?2.which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可以省略。(which与that指物时可以互相代替，that更常见。）1)Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTVsets.2)Thefilm（that/which）wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.3.who指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)1)Thegirlswho/thatweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates..2)Heknewtheteacher（who/whom/that）wemetyesterday.4.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.1)Thisisthehero(whom/that)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.2)Sheisthegirl（whom/that）Iwentwiththere.SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系...