介词by的用法湖南省地质中学肖弦GrammarFocusGrammarFocusHowdoyoulearnEnglish?Ilearnbystudyingwithagroup.DoyoulearnEnglishbyreadingaloud?Yes,Ido.Ithelpsmypronunciation.HowcanIreadfaster?Youcanreadfasterbyreadingwordgroups.HowcanIimprovemypronunciation?Onewayisbylisteningtotapes.“介词by+动名词”常常表示手段、方式或方法，可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。---HowdoyoulearnEnglish?---IlearnEnglishbywatchingEnglishmovies.HowdoyoupracticespeakingEnglish?Byhavingconversationswithfriends.Howdoyoulearnnewwords?Bymakingwordcards.Howdoyouimproveyourwriting?Bywritinge-mailstomypenpals.Howdoyoupracticelistening?Bylisteningtoatapeandrepeatingoutaloud.Howdoyouimproveyourpronunciation?BywatchingEnglishprograms.Howdoyoulearngrammar?Bytakingnotes,doingexercisesandreadingalot.Howdoyouimproveyourwriting?BywritingdiariesinEnglish.Howdoyouimproveyourlistening?BylisteningtoradioprogrammesinEnglish.Howdoyoukeephealthy?Byexercising.LinLinoftenpracticesEnglish_______chattingwithherAmericanfriends.A.inB.byC.forD.with【解析】选B。句意：林林经常通过和美国朋友聊天练习英语。我通过向老师求助学习。Istudybyaskingtheteacherforhelp.WelearnEnglishby_________(make)vocabularylists．making1.我们通过利用太阳的光和热使植物长得好。2.现在人们利用手机来进行交流。TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish.Wecanmakeplantsgrowwellbyusingthelightandheatfromthesun.Nowpeoplecommunicatewitheachotherbyusingcellphones.3.Lily通过少吃减肥吗？不，不是的。4.中国人通过植树来使环境越来越美丽。DoesLilyloseweightbyeatingless?No,shedoesn't.Chinesepeoplemaketheenvironmentmoreandmorebeautifulbyplantingtrees.by的用法by是介词,表示“通过……方法或途径”的意思,译成“靠,通过”,后面可加名词、名词短语或动名词。可用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。1)Thehousewasdestroyedbyfire.房屋被火烧毁了。by的用法by是介词,表示“通过……方法或途径”的意思,译成“靠,通过”,后面可加名词、名词短语或动名词。可用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。1)Thehousewasdestroyedbyfire.房屋被火烧毁了。2)travelbyair/land/sea航空（陆路，航海）旅行3)gobytrain/boat/bus乘火车（船，公共汽车）4)shakesb.bythehand和某人握手5)IstudyEnglishbywatchingEnglishmovies.我通过看英文电影学英语。另外,by作为介词的意义有很多。例如:1）在……旁边，靠近Thereisapowerstationbytheriver.河边有一个电厂。2）沿着，经由toenterbythedoor由门进去3）由于bymistake由于差错；错误地4）被，由somearticleswrittenbyLuXun一些由鲁迅写的文章5）表示相（乘）除（以计算面积）aroom5mby4m一个长五米宽四米的房间6）逐一；连续onebyone一个接一个用by的相关短语完成句子1.IthinkthebestwaytolearnEnglishis___________________(通过大声朗读).2.Heusuallygoestowork__________(乘地铁).3.Firstwalk_____________(经过银行旁边),andthenturnleft.byreadingaloudbythebankbysubway4.Canwesit______________(在窗子旁边)?5.Youmustbebackhome____________(到十点为止).6.Therearelotsoftrees__________(沿河).7.Youmustdoyourhomework__________（你自己).8.Englishiswidelyused__________(被人们)allovertheworld.bythewindowbyteno’clockbytheriverbyyourselfbypeople【2011四川德阳】2.–Howdoyoustudyforatest?--______workingwithfriends.A.ByB.WithC.On【解析】本题考查介词by的用法。by意为“通过……方式”；with意为“和……在一起”；on意为“朝,向”。句意“你怎么为考试作准备？”“通过和朋友一起学习。”只有by具有“通过……方式”的意思，故选A。—HowdoyoulearnEnglishbetter?—________watchingEnglishmovies.(2013，营口)A.ByB.WithC.InD.From【解析】：句意“你是如何将英语学得更好的？”“通过看英语电影”。介词by表示“通过什么方式”，后接动词的ing形式，故选A。
