1、文章开头Inthisanalysisthearguerattemptstoconvinceusthatitisawisemove(明智之举)forsbtodosth.Tosubstantiatetheclaim,evidencesarepresentedthat…andthat…Anotherpieceoftestimonyrenderedtodemonstratetheargumentisthat…Theargumentisalsobasedontheassumptionthat…Atthefirstglance,theargumentaboveappearstobeappealingandpersuasiveasaconsequenceofstatingarelativelysoundcaseforthenecessitytodosthforthesakeofdoingsth.Nevertheless,elaborativescrutiny(精心研究)andmeticulousdeliberation(深思熟虑)ofthisargumentwouldrevealthatitsuffersfromacertainnumberofpestilent(致命的)fallaciesandthereforeisunconvincing.Thefollowingarethemostpivotalones.2、文章主体错误类比问题：Inthefirstplace,theargumentisbasedonanoversimplifiedanalogyinwhichthearguerseemstofailtotakeintoaccountthatthetwosituationsarenotsimilarenoughtojustifytheanalogicaldeduction（类比推论）.Asamatteroffact,thereexistfundamentaldistinctionsbetweenthem.Forinstance/AsanillustrationItisentirelypossiblethatthesamecourseofaction(做法)willmakenosensetoA,somuchsothat(甚至)itwillexertdetrimentalimpactsduetoamyriadof(大量的)distinctionssuchasenvironmental,geological（地质的）,dietary（饮食的）,geneticdisparity(不同)inlifestyles,lifeattitudes,moralethicsofresidents.Therefore,eventhoughtheapproachprovedefficacious(有效的)andprofitableinA,thereisnoguaranteethatitwillworkjustaswellinB.(Itisentirelypossiblethatthesamepositionwon’ttakeplaceinAduetoamyriadofdistinctionssuchasenvironmental,geological（地质的）,dietary（饮食的）,geneticdisparity(不同)inlifestyles,lifeattitudes,moralethicsofresidents.)错误假设问题：Inthefirstplace,theargumentisbasedonanoversimplifiedassumptioninwhichthearguerseemstofailtotakeintoaccountthat…（Inthefirstplace,thearguerseemstofailtotakeintoaccountthecrucialproposition(前提)that…）Grantedthat…itdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthat…Itishighlypossiblethat…Furthermore,thearguerfurnishesnotestimonythat…因果关系问题：Furthermore,thearguerassumesthatAistheonlyreasonwhyBgroundlessly(毫无根据地)andindiscreetly(轻率地).Thearguerfurnishesnoevidenttestimonytodemonstratethis,nordoesheestablishacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenthem.ThereisnodenyingthefactthatamultitudeofotherfactorsmightcontributetoB.Forinstance,itishighlypossiblethatMoreover,itisalsolikelyBjustresultedfrom_________.Withouttakingintoaccountaswellasrulingout(排除)theseandotherpossiblefactors,itispresumptuous(冒失的)toarriveattheconclusionthatAwasresponsibleforB.部分不能说明整体问题：Moreover,theevidencepresentedbythearguerisinsufficienttobolsteruptheconclusiondrawnfromit.Basedonaspecificexamplethat…itislogicallylame(无说服力的)toarriveatadefiniteconclusioninallcases.Asamatteroffact,infaceofsuchlimitedevidence,itisfallacious（谬误的）todrawanyconclusionatall.UnlessitcanbeshownthatAisrepresentativeofall…,theassertionthat…iscompletelyunwarranted（没有根据的）.整体不能说明部分问题：Furthermore,thearguerassumesthatthecharacteristicsofagroupapplytoeverymemberofthatgroup.Theconclusionthat____________isbasedontheassumptionthat________However,thereisnoguaranteethatthisisthecase,nordoesthearguerrenderanyconvincingevidencetosubstantiatethisassumption.Lackingsuchessentialevidencesthearguerwillnotbeinaposition（能够）todrawanyfirmconclusion.过去不能推知现在和将来问题：Itisassumedwithoutjustificationthatbackgroundconditions（背景条件）haveremainedthesameduringdisparate（不同...
