高考英语语法精讲与精练：第二章名词第二章名词精讲与精练一、名词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空Itwaslateatnight.Two[1]_________(German)weresleepingintheirroomwhen,suddenly,oneofthem,Mrs.Green,waswokenupandfoundathiefslippingintotheirroomtotryhisluck.Shehadthree[2]___________(thousand)dollarsinherpocket.“WhatshouldIdo?Many[3]_________(thief)usuallybring[4]________(knife)withthem,”Shethoughtin[5]______(silent).Andatthesametimethethiefhappenedtotoucha[6]________(sport)suit.Itseemedasifhefoundtherewassomeoneintheroom,sohewenttothenextroomwheretwo[7]__________(Frenchman)weresleeping.Whenhewaslookingfor[8]_________(money)orsome[9]___________(jewel)inthenextroom,Mrs.Greenwokeupherhusbandquicklyandcalledthe[10]_______(policeman).Andthenthethiefknewwhathadhappened.Hewassoscaredthathetookoutaknife.Justthenthepolicecameup.Beforethethiefranaway,thepolicecaughthim.ForMrs.Green,itwasreallyanunusualexperience.Keys:1.Germans2.thousand3.thieves4.knives5.silence6.sports7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry【jewel的复数直接加s;jewelry为不可数名词，表示jewel的总称。】10.police【police可以表示警察，警方，警察部门；callthepolice报警】二、名词考点精讲：名词考点1、名词的数1.名词的分类：(1)专有名词：专有名词无复数形式。①由普通名词构成的专有名词要加定冠词the,如：theGreatWall。②the+姓氏名复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:theGreens(格林一家人)。(2)普通名词：普通名词又分个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词和集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。①个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如car(汽车)、room(房间)、fan(风扇)、photo(照片)②集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团)③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如fire(火)、steel(钢)、air(空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)④抽象名词:表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。如labor(劳动)、health(健康)、life(生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心)2.可数名词复数的变化规则(1).一般情况加s:book--books，house---houses(2).以s、sh、ch、x结尾的加es:class---classes，box----boxes，match----matches(3).辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加es:city---citiescountry----countries，factory----factories(4).以o结尾的词：有生命的词加es,无生命的词加s:hero---heroes,potato---potatoes;radio--piano---pianos.photo---photos例外:bamboo---bamboos(5).以f,fe结尾的变f或fe为v+es:thief--thieves,wife--wives,life--lives,knife--knives例外：belief--beliefsroof--roofsgulf--gulfs3.可数名词的不规则变化(1).常见的不规则变化名词child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women(2).单复数同形的名词Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works(工厂),means,fish，radios,zoo---zoos,deer,sheep一句话记忆：SomeChinese,JapaneseandSwisskeepsomefish,deerandsheepinthisworksbythismeans.(3)people,police,cattle(牛)只有复数形式。(4)以s结尾，但仍然为单数。例如：①maths,politics,physics等学科名词。②news是不可数名词③theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。名词考点2、名词作定语(1)名词作定语一般用单数。例如：papermoney,aneveningpaper,citylife,officework(2)用复数作定语。例如：sportsmeeting,salesman/woman/girl(男/女售货员),goodstrain(货车)，customspapers(海关文件)【注意：其中goods和customs本身就带有s】(3)数词+名词作定语时，若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符，名词用复数加“’”.例如：例如：afive-year-plan,afiveyears’plan(4)man和woman做定语时随着被修饰的名词的单复数变化而变化。例如：Aman/womanteacher--twomen/womenteacher名词考点3、名...
