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酸碱平衡和水电解质紊乱acid-basedisorders酸碱失衡acid-basebalance酸碱平衡acute/chronicacidosis急性/慢性酸中毒acidemia酸血症acute/chronicalkalosis急性/慢性碱中毒alkalemia碱血症simpleacid-basedisorder单纯性酸碱失衡mixedacid-basedisorder混合性酸碱失衡buffersystem缓冲对系统aniongap阴离子间隙deltagap阳离子间隙respiratoryacidosis呼酸respiratoryalkalosis呼碱metabolicacidosis代酸metabolicalkalosis代碱hypochloremia低氯血症hyperchloremia高氯血症hypoxemia低氧血症hyperoxemia高氧血症hypocalcemia低钙血症hypercalcemia高钙血症hypokalemia低钾血症hyperkalemia高钾血症hyponatremia低钠血症hypernatremia高钠血症magnesiumdeficiency镁缺乏magnesiumexcess镁过多hypomagnesemia低镁血症hypermagnesemia高镁血症hypophosphatemia低磷血症hyperphosphatemia高磷血症hypercapnia高碳酸血症posthypercapnicmetabolicalkalosis高碳酸血症后碱中毒diabeticketoacidosis糖尿病酮症酸中毒uremia尿毒症lacticacidosis乳酸酸中毒saline-responsivealkalosis盐水反应性碱中毒saline-resistantalkalosis盐水抵抗性碱中毒isotonicdehydration等渗性缺水hypotonicdehydration低渗性缺水hypertonicdehydration高渗性缺水edema水肿waterintoxication水中毒休克shock休克hemorrhagicshock失血性休克traumaticshock创伤性休克septicshock脓毒性休克shocklung休克肺shockkidney休克肾软组织感染furuncle疖paronychia甲沟炎erysipelas丹毒acutephlegmon急性蜂窝织炎acutelymphangitis急性淋巴管炎acutelymphadenitis急性淋巴结furunculosis疖病carbuncle痈abscess脓肿acuteulcer急性溃疡chroniculcer慢性溃疡fistulacannulas瘘管sinustract窦道felon脓性指头炎外科营养肠外营养parenteralnutrition或intravenousnutrition肠内营养enteralnutrition代谢性并发症metaboliccomplications胆汁淤积cholestasis基础能量消耗basalenergyexpenditureBEE误吸aspiration腹泻diarrhea外科手术手术刀scalpel刀片blade刀柄hilt手术剪surgicalscissors止血钳hemostaticforceps直血管钳straightclamp弯血管钳Kellyclamp蚊式止血钳mosquitoforceps有齿止血钳kocherforceps手术镊forceps组织钳tissueforcepsorallisforceps持针器needleholder缝合针sutureneedle拉钩retractor巾钳towelclip环钳ringforceps不可吸收缝线nonabsorbablesuture丝线silksuture切开incision剥离dissection止血hemostasis结扎ligation缝合suture剪线cuttingsuture拆线removingsuture引流drainage骨科arthro-关节articulo-关节cranio-颅osteo-骨burso-囊chondro-软骨costo-肋骨myelo-骨髓spondylo-椎骨thoraco-胸的vertebra-椎骨fascio-筋膜teno/tendo/tendino-肌-kinesia运-porosis多孔-trophy发育-malacia软化1、中轴骨AXIALBONESbonen.骨ribn.肋vertebraen.椎骨cervicalvertebrae颈椎thoracicvertebrae胸椎lumbarvertebrae腰椎sternumn.胸骨sacrumn.骶骨coccyx尾骨sternalmanubrium胸骨柄xiphoidprocess剑突atlasn.寰椎axisn.枢椎sternalangle胸骨角thoraciccage胸廓2、颅SKULLskulln.parietalbone顶骨frontalbone额骨occipitalbone枕骨emporalbone颞骨sphenoidbone蝶骨ethmoidbone筛骨mandiblen.下颌骨hyoidbone舌骨vomern.犁骨maxillan.上颌骨palatinebone腭骨nasalbone鼻骨lacrimalbone泪骨zygomaticbone颧骨inferiornasalconcha下鼻甲orbitn.眶coronalsuture冠状缝sagitalsuture矢状缝lambdoidsuture人字缝cranialfontanelle颅囟2、附肢骨TARSALBONESANDEXTREMITALBONESclaviclen.锁骨scapulan.肩胛humerusn.肱骨radiusn.桡骨ulnan.尺骨carpalbone腕骨metacarpalbone掌骨phalangesn.指骨，趾骨hipbone髋骨iliumn.髂骨ischiumn.坐骨pubisn.耻骨femurn.股骨patellan.髌骨tibian.胫骨fibulan.腓骨tarsalbone跗骨metatarsalbone跖骨4、关节韧带flexionn.屈extensionn.伸展adductionn.收medialrotation旋内lateralrotation旋外pronationn旋前.supinationn.旋后circumductionn.环转vertebralcolumn脊柱temporal-mandib...