MaryIofEngland———BloodyMarywho'sMaryI•QueenMaryIofEnglandreignedasQueenofEnglandforashortfiveyears(1553-1558)•Maryearnedhernickname,"BloodyMary,"becauseduringherreign,shehadmorethan300personsburnedatthestakeforheresy（异教徒）.◎1.Birthandfamily◎2.Education＆marriageplans◎3.Accession(就职）◎4.Spanishmarriage◎5.Religiouspolicy◎6.DeathGuidelineBirthandFamilyBirthday：18February1516religion:CatholicismFamily：ShewastheonlyservivingchildofKingHenryVIIIofEnglandandhisfirstwifeCatherineofAragon.HermotherhadmanyabortionsbeforeMary'sbirth,fourpreviouspregnancieshadresultedinastillborn（早夭）daughterandthreeshort-livedorstillbornsons.◎Marywasaprecociouschild.InJuly1520,whenscarcelyfourandahalfyearsold,sheentertainedavisitingFrenchdelegationwithaperformanceontheviolin.Bytheageofnine,MarycouldreadandwriteLatin.ShestudiedFrench,Spanish,music,dance,andperhapsGreek.◎ThroughoutMary'schildhood,Henrynegotiatedpotentialfuturemarriagesforher.Whenshewasonlytwoyearsold,shewaspromisedtotheDauphin,theinfantsonofKingFrancisIofFrance,butthecontractwasrepudiatedafterthreeyears.In1522,attheageofsix,shewasinsteadcontractedtomarryher22-year-oldfirstcousin,HolyRomanEmperorCharlesV.However,theengagementwasbrokenoffwithinafewyearsbyCharleswithHenry'sagreement.Education＆MarriagePlansAccessionDate：On1October1553SpanishMarriage◎ThemarriageofMaryandPrincePhilipofSpainwasatWinchesterCathedralon25July1554,whichtookplacejusttwodaysaftertheirfirstmeeting.Religiouspolicy◎afteraccession,sheimmediatelyadoptedahigh-handedpolicytowardstheProtestants,andmassacredtheradicalsamongthem.Morethan300peoplewereburnedtodeathontheburningstake,includingArchbishopCranmerwhohadannouncedthatthemarriageofherparentswasinvalidandthatshewasanunlawfulchild.AndinnumerableProtestantswereforcedtoexileabroad.登上王位后，她立即宣布恢复天主教，并对新教徒采取了高压政策，屠杀其中的激进分子，在她统治5年中，有300余人被烧死在火刑柱上，包括那个敢于宣布她父母的婚姻为无效、她为私生女的克兰默大主教等，而被迫流亡国外的新教徒则不计其数。她终于以其暴行获得了英国人民对其“血腥玛丽”的称谓后来就演变成‘女巫’的意思。Death◎MarywasweakandillfromMay1558,anddiedattheageof42.◎Althoughherwillstatedthatshewishedtobeburiednexttohermother,MarywasinterredinWestminsterAbbeyon14DecemberinatombwhichshewouldeventuallysharewithElizabeth.
