智课网IELTS备考资料雅思小作文——线形图（LineGraphs）摘要：线形图是雅思写作Task1里常考的图形之一，其写作非常值得我们深入研究。现专供以下学习材料，希望能对各位“雅友”的线形图写作带去一些启发和帮助。线形图是雅思写作Task1里常考的图形之一，其写作非常值得我们深入研究。现专供以下学习材料，希望能对各位“雅友”的线形图写作带去一些启发和帮助。LinegraphsLinegraphsaremorepopularthanallothergraphscombinedbecausetheirvisualcharacteristicsrevealdatatrendsclearlyandthesegraphsareeasytocreate.Linegraphs,especiallyusefulinthefieldsofstatisticsandscience,areoneofthemostcommontoolsusedtopresentdata.Alinegraphisavisualcomparisonofhowtwovariables—shownonthex-andy-axes—arerelatedorvarywitheachother.Itshowsrelatedinformationbydrawingacontinuouslinebetweenallthepointsonagrid.Forinformationontheshapesoflinegraphs,seetheOrganizingdatachapter.Linegraphscomparetwovariables:oneisplottedalongthex-axis(horizontal)andtheotheralongthey-axis(vertical).They-axisinalinegraphusuallyindicatesquantity(e.g.,dollars,litres)orpercentage,whilethehorizontalx-axisoftenmeasuresunitsoftime.Asaresult,thelinegraphisoftenviewedasatimeseriesgraph.Forexample,ifyouwantedtographtheheightofabaseballpitchovertime,youcouldmeasurethetimevariablealongthex-axis,andtheheightalongthey-axis.Althoughtheydonotpresentspecificdataaswellastablesdo,linegraphsareabletoshowrelationshipsmoreclearlythantablesdo.Linegraphscanalsodepictmultipleserieswhichareusuallythebestcandidatefortimeseriesdataandfrequencydistribution.Barandcolumngraphsandlinegraphsshareasimilarpurpose.Thecolumngraph,however,revealsachangeinmagnitude,whereasthelinegraphisusedtoshowachangeindirection.Insummary,linegraphsshowspecificvaluesofdatawellrevealtrendsandrelationshipsbetweendatacomparetrendsindifferentgroupsofavariableGraphscangiveadistortedimageofthedata.Ifinconsistentscalesontheaxesofalinegraphforcedatatoappearinacertainway,thenagraphcanevenrevealatrendthatisentirelydifferentfromtheoneintended.Thismeansthattheintervalsbetweenadjacentpointsalongtheaxismaybedissimilar,orthatthesamedatachartedintwographsusingdifferentscaleswillappeardifferent.Example1–PlottingatrendovertimeFigure1showsoneobvioustrend,thefluctuationinthelabourforcefromJanuarytoJuly.ThenumberofstudentsatAndrew'shighschoolwhoaremembersofthelabourforceisscaledusingintervalsonthey-axis,whilethetimevariableisplottedonthex-axis.Thenumberofstudentsparticipatinginthelabourforcewas252inJanuary,252inFebruary,255inMarch,256inApril,282inMay,290inJuneand319inJuly.Whenexaminedfurther,thegraphindicatesthatthelabourforceparticipationofthesestudentswasataplateauforthefirstfourmonthscoveredbythegraph(JanuarytoApril),andforthenextthreemonths(MaytoJuly)thenumberincreasedsteadily.Figure1.LabourforceparticipationinAndrew'shighschoolExample2–ComparingtworelatedvariablesFigure2isasinglelinegraphcomparingtwoitems;inthisinstance,timeisnotafactor.Thegraphcomparesthenumberofdollarsdonatedbytheageofthedonors.Accordingtothetrendinthegraph,theolderthedonor,themoremoneyheorshedonates.The17-year-olddonorsdonate,onaverage,$84.Forthe19-year-olds,theaveragedonationincreasedby$26tomaketheaveragedonationofthatagegroup$110.Figure2.AveragenumberofdollarsdonatedatEvergreenHighSchool,byageofdonorExample3–UsingcorrectscaleWhendrawingaline,itisimportantthatyouusethecorrectscale.Otherwise,theline'sshapecangivereadersthewrongimpressionaboutthedata.CompareFigure3withFigure4:Figure3.Numberofguiltycrimeoffenders,GrishamvilleFigure4.Numberofguiltycrimeoffenders,GrishamvilleUsingascaleof350to430(Figure3)focusesonasmallrangeofvalues.ItdoesnotaccuratelydepictthetrendinguiltycrimeoffendersbetweenJanuaryandMaysinceitexaggeratesthattrendanddoesnotrelateittothebiggerpicture.However,choosingascaleof0to450(Figure4)betterdisplayshowsmallthedeclineinthenumberofguiltycrimeoffendersreallywas.Example4–MultiplelinegraphsAmultiplelinegraphcaneffectivelycomparesimilaritemsoverthesameperiodoftime(Figure5).Figure5.CellphoneuseinAnytowne,1996to2002Figure5isanexampleofaverygoodgraph.Themessageisclearlystatedinthetitle,andeachofthelinegraphsisproperlylabelled.Itiseasytoseefromthisgraphthatthetotalcellphoneusehasbeenrisingsteadilysince1996,exceptforatwo-yearperiod(1999and2000)wherethenumbersdropslightly.Thepatternofuseforwomenandmenseemstobequitesimilarwithverysmalldiscrepanciesbetweenthem.相关字搜索：雅思
