定语从句典型错误例析1.我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片。【误】IshowedhimthephotosItooktheminHangzhoulastweek.【正】IshowedhimthephotosItookinHangzhoulastweek.【析】关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词（that/which）的定语从句，that/which指代thephotos，在定语从句中充当took的宾语，故them多余，应去掉。2.那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。【误】Themanismendingthecarismyuncle.【正】Themanwho/thatismendingthecarismyuncle.【析】关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，只有作宾语时才能省略that。本句还可以译为Themanmendingthecarismyuncle.（-ing形式短语mendingthecar作theman的后置定语。）3.这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？【误】Isthiskiteyourfathermadeforyouyesterday?【正】Isthiskitetheone(that)yourfathermadeforyouyesterday?【析】若把this看作kite的修饰语，短语thiskite为主句的主语，这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从句的先行词，所以应该加上代词theone。如果我们把this看作代词，作句子的主语，那么kite应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词kite前缺少定冠词the。故本句还可改为：Isthisthekite(that/which)yourfathermadeforyouyesterday?4.她告诉我的就这些。【误】Thisisallwhichshetoldme.【正】Thisisall(that)shetoldme.【析】当先行词为all,none,one,any,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等或先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外，本句还可以译为Thisiswhatshetoldme.不过此时what引导的是表语从句，而不是定语从句。5.这是我们明天要讨论的问题。【误】Thisistheproblemaboutthatwe’lltalktomorrow.【正】Thisistheproblemaboutwhichwe’lltalktomorrow.【正】Thisistheproblem(that/which)we’lltalkabouttomorrow.【析】“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；指物时，关系代词用which。另外，有些固定短语如lookafter,listento等，一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。6.他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一。【误】Hewasoneofthestudentswhowaslatethismorning.【正】Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.【析】在“oneof+复数名词”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词应用复数；在“theonlyoneof+复数名词”的结构中，定语从句的先行词是one，故谓语动词应用单数。如：SheistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohaseverbeentoBeijing.她是我们班唯一去过北京的学生。7.我还记得我在北京度过的日子。【误】IstillrememberthedayswhenIspentinBeijing.【正】Istillrememberthedays(which/that)IspentinBeijing.【析】定语从句中引导词的选择关键词是看先行词在定语从句中充当什么样的成分，或者说定语从句中缺少什么成分。如果从句缺少主语，表语，宾语，则引导词通常为which,that,who,whom,as；如果缺少定语则用关系代词whose；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词when,where,why.分析例句的成分可以知道，从句中缺少谓语动词spent的宾语，故应用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。若把例句变为：Istillrememberthedays______IenjoyedmyselfinBeijing。则定语从句中缺少时间状语，故此时应用关系副词when。8.昨晚送你回家的那个人是谁？【误】Whoisthemanwhosentyouhomelastnight?【正】Whoisthemanthatsentyouhomelastnight?【析】当主句为含有who/which的疑问句，关系代词用that，而不用who或which。如：Whichisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?哪本书是你昨天买的？9.他们谈了许多他们所知道的人和事。【误】Theytalkedaboutalotofthingsandpersonswhat/who/whichtheyknew.【正】Theytalkedaboutalotofthingsandpersonsthattheyknew.【析】先行词既有人又有物时应该用that来引导。What不可以引导定语从句。10.我的家乡已不再是十年前的样子。【误】Myhometownisnolongerthetownwhichitusedtobetenyearsago.【正】Myhometownisnolongerthetown(that)itusedtobetenyearsago.【析】当先行...
