非谓语动词是指分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)、不定式、动名词等三种形式,即:doing,done,todo,doing。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式,如:现在分词doing:有beingdone(被动式);havingdone(完成式);havingbeendone(完成被动式)不定式todo:有tobedone(被动式);tohavedone(完成式);tobedoing(进行式)动名词doing:有havingdone(完成式);beingdone(被动式);非谓语动词的特点:三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没有人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征:分词具有形容词和副词的特征;动名词具有名词的特征;不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲:分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解:一.动词不定式先看几个例句,判断不定式在句中的成分。1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.2.Hiswishistobeadriver.3.Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.4.Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.5.Ihavenothingtosay.6.Theywenttoseetheiraunt.7.It’seasytoseetheiraunt.8.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.9.Iheardthemmakeanoise.说明:1.动词不定式作主语,2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4.动词不定式作宾语补足语,5.动词不定式作定语,6.动词不定式作目的状语,7.动词不定式作真正主语,it代替动词不定式,作形式主语。8.带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题:1.“to”是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to都是介词。agreetoobjecttocloseto,cometo,leadto,referto,equalto,familiarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,nextto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardto2.带to还是不带toIhavenochoicebuttogiveinIcannotdoanythingbutgiveinIsawhimentertheclassroom.(但是:Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.)3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for作为标记的。但是有时用of.It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.与of连用的形容词有:good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语。例如:通常不说Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而说Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.5.不定式的省略。下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to。wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,usedto,beableto6.不定式作定语,应注意两种关系:1)动宾关系:Hehasalotofmeetingtoattend.Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.HeislookingforaroomtoliveHeislookingforaroomtolivein.Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.Thereisnotimetothink(about).2)主谓关系:Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.----I’mgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(逻辑主语是I)-------Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow(逻辑主语不是I)7.不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义:1)原因Heisluckytogethereontime.这种结构中常用的形容词有:happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy2)目的Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.3)结果Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.8.不定式作补足语Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.能跟不带to的不定式作补足语的动词有:see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,notice注:当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to,如:Hewasseentoplayint...