初中语法项目表(加“＊”号的项目只要求理解)1.词类：1)名词2)形容词3)副词4)动词5)代词6)冠词7)数词8)介词9)连词10)感叹词＊2.构词法：1)合成法classroom,something,reading-room2)派生法worker,drawing,quickly,careful,kindness,cloudy,unhappy3)转化法hand(n.)—hand(v.)dry(adj.)—dry(v.)3.名词1)可数名词和不可数名词2)名词的复数3)专有名词4)所有格4.代词1)人称代词的主格和宾格形式2)物主代词的形容词与名词性形式3)反身代词myself,himself,ourselves,etc.4)指示代词this,that,these,those5)不定代词some,any,no,etc.6)疑问代词what,who,whose,which,etc.5.数词基数词和序数词6.介词词汇表中所列介词的基本用法7.连词词汇表中所列连词的基本用法8.形容词1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法2)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法(1)构成-er,-est;more,themost(2)基本句型as＋原级形式＋as...notas(so)＋原级形式＋as...比较级形式＋than...the＋最高级形式＋...in(of)...9.副词1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法2)疑问副词when,where,how3)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)(1)构成-er,-est;more,themost(2)基本句型as＋原级形式＋as...notas(so)＋原级形式＋as...比较级形式＋than...the＋最高级形式＋...in(of)...＊10.冠词一般用法11.动词＊1)动词种类(1)行为动词或实义动词1及物动词2不及物动词(2)连系动词be,look,turn,get,become,etc.(3)助动词be,do,have,shall,will,etc.(4)情态动词can,may,must,need,etc.2)时态(1)一般现在时Igetupatsixo'clockeverymorning.Hedoesn'tspeakRussian.Theyareverybusy.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Whenyouseehim,tellhimtocometomyplace.I'llgotoseeyoutonightifI'mfree.(2)一般过去时IwasinGradeOnelastyear.Igotupatfiveyesterday.(3)一般将来时1.shall(will)＋动词原形Ishall(will)gotoyourschooltomorrowafternoon.Shewillbeheretomorrow.2.begoingto＋动词原形I'mgoingtohelphim.(4)现在进行时We'rereadingthetextnow.They'rewaitingforabus.(5)现在完成时Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.＊(6)过去进行时Wewerehavingameetingthistimeyesterday.TheteacherwastalkingtosomeparentswhenIsawher.＊(7)过去完成时WehadlearnedfourEnglishsongsbytheendoflastyear.ThefilmhadalreadybegunwhenIgottothecinema.ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceheleftBeijing.＊(8)过去将来时Hesaidhewouldgotothecinemathatevening.BettysaidshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSunday.3)被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态Englishistaughtinthatschool.(2)一般过去时的被动语态Thesongwaswrittenbythatworker.(3)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态Shemustbesenttohospitalatonce.4)动词不定式＊(1)作主语Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.(2)作宾语Theybegantoread.(3)作宾语补足语Jimaskedmetohelphimwithhislessons.Weoftenheardhersing.＊(4)作定语Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.(5)作状语Shewenttoseehergrandmayesterday.(6)用在how,when,where,what,which等之后Idon'tknowhowtouseacomputer.Doyouknowwhentostart?Hedidn'tknowwhattodonext.12.句子种类1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)＊4)感叹句＊13.句子成份1)主语Bettylikeshernewbike.Hegetsupearlyeveryday.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.2)谓语Weworkhard.Theboycaughtabird.Heismybrother.Theyalllookfine.3)表语Hersisterisanurse.It'sme.I'mready.Hegotangry.Wewereathomelastnight.Hiscupisbroken.4)宾语Tomboughtastory-book.Isawhimyesterday.Hewantedtohaveacupoftea.5)直接宾语和间接宾语Hegavemesomeink.Ourteachertoldusaninterestingstory.6)宾语补足语CallherXiaoLi.Youmustkeeptheroomclean.Johnaskedmetohelphim.7)定语Thisisagreenjeep.Thisisanappletree.Arethesestudentsyourclassmates?Winteristhec...
