高一定语从句语法学案(S1BUnit3)在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that，as等和关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。第一部分知识要点：（一）复习：词形先行词从句中成分关系代词that人或物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表who人主、宾、表whom人宾whose（ofwhom或ofwhich）人或物定as人或物主、宾、表关系副词when(in/on/at…+which)时间词状where(in/from/at…+which)地点词状why(forwhich)reason状1.由who,whom引导的定语从句：这类定语从句中，who用作主语，whom用作宾语Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.2.which引导的定语从句：which在从句中做主语或谓语动词和介词的宾语。Thisisthebookwhichyouwant.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.3.由that引导的定语从句：that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语、谓语动词或介词的宾语。（但不能直接放在介词后面作介词宾语）Restaurantisaplacethatpeoplehavemealsat.atwhichpeoplehavemeals.wherepeoplehavemeals.4.whose在定语从句中置于名词之前，充当定语，既可指人，又可指物。whose+n.=then.ofwhich/whom（=ofwhich/whomthen.）。Pleasepassmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.（指物）=Pleasepassmethedictionarythecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecoverisblack.Thedoctor,whosenamewasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.（指人）=Thedoctor,thenameofwhomwasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.5.关系代词在从句句子中充当了成分，就代表了先行词的意思，所以在从句中不能出现重复指代问题。（二）确定关系代词和关系副词的步骤1.先找到先行词。2.分析从句结构，判断先行词在从句中所充当的成分，以从句主、宾、表、定、状各大成分有无残缺作为结构分析的突破口。3.看清搭配，看清从句中的谓语动词，如果是及物动词后面无宾语，就要求使用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要求使用关系副词。关系副词when/where/why=介词＋关系代词whenIstillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.(when=onwhich)Istillremembertheday(that/which)wespenttogether.whereThecitywhereIwasbornisverybeautiful.(inwhich)Thecity(that/which)Ivisitedlastyearisverybeautiful.whyThisisthereasonwhyheleftthecompany.(forwhich)Thisisthereason(that/which)hegaveme.EX1Iliketotakemyvacationinthemountain_____isquietandbeautiful.Iliketotakemyvacationinthemountain_____therearemanyplants.2Wewillneverforgettheday_____weworked.Wewillneverforgettheday_____wespenttogether.3Thatisthereason_____hegaveusforhisaction.Thatisthereason____hedidthatthing.第二部分难点辨析难点一关系代词that、which和who的用法比较注意：在下面几种情况下必须用that而不用which引导定语从句：1.先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰.Thefirstlesson(that)Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.Thisisthebestfilm(that)I’veeverseen.3.先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时.5.先行词既有人又有物时.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.难点二介词+关系代词的用法1．关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.2．但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?3．常见的关系词与介词+关系代词之间的转化。when=in/at/on/duringwhichThereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.2where=in/at/fromwhichBeijingistheplacewhere(inwhi...
