直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习一．讲解：在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点：1．引导词（连词）①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that,that没有实际意义，口语或非正式文体中常省略e.gHesaid,“Mymotherisadoctor.”→Hesaid(that)hismotherwasadoctor.②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。不能省略e.g“AreyouEnglish?”Heaskedme→HeaskedmeifIwasEnglish.③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：whatwhenwherewhichwhohow等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg“Howoldareyou?”Heaskedme→HeaskedmehowoldIwas.二．间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does)e.g.Sheasked,“Whatdoeshewant?”→Sheaskedwhathewanted.Heaskedme,“DoyoulikeEnglish?”→HeaskedmeifIlikedEnglish.三．时态的变化：1.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg:①Heaskedme,“Doyouhaveadictionary?”→HeaskedmeifIhadadictionary.②Sheasked,“WhatisTomdoing?→SheaskedwhatTomwasdoing.③Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonhisdesk.”→Shesaidthatshewouldleaveamessageonhisdesk.2.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾语从句一律使用现在时。eg:①Theteachersaidtous,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun②Hesaid,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”→Hesaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.四．人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本第99页的表格。五．练习：Ⅰ选择填空。()1.Hesaidthathe________speakalittleEnglishwhenhewasfive.AisabletoBableCcouldDcan()2.Pleasetellmewhere_______haveourpicnictomorrow。AwewillBwillweCyouareDwillyou()3.Didyouhear________clearly?AwhathesaidBwhathesaysCwhatdidhesayDhowdidhesaid()4.Hewantedtoknowwhy_______uplate.AdidshegetBshegotCdoesshegetDshegets()5.Couldyoutellme________fromyourhousetothefactory?AhowfaritisBitishowfarChowfaritwasDhowfarisit()6.Couldyoutellmeifit_________tomorrow?ArainBwillrainCrainingDrains()7.Tomaskedme________English.AifIlikesBifIlikedCthatIlikeDthatIliked()8.Ourteachertoldustheearth________aroundthesun.AgoesBgoCwentDgoing()9.Doyourememberwhat________________whenIcamein?ATomisdoingBTomwasdoingCisTomdoingDwasTomdoing()10.Heaskedhowmanypictures_______。AdidtheydrawBdotheydrawCtheywilldrawDtheywoulddraw()11.Theyaskediftheteacher________themsomesongsthenextweek.AwouldteachBhadtaughtCwillteachDtaught()12.HeaskedmeifI________inShanghai.AliveBlivedCislivingDwillliveⅡ．句型转换。1.Idon’tknowwhattosay.Idon’tknow________________________________.2.“What’syourfavoritecolor”sheaskedme.Sheaskedmewhat________favoritecolor_________.3.“Whatareyoudoing?”Jimaskedme.Jimaskedme__________________________________.4Tomsaidtome,“Youareagoodstudent.”Tomtoldme________________________agoodstudent.5Hesaid,“IwillgototheGreatWalltomorrow.”Hesaidthathe________________totheGreatWall_____________________.6“Doyoulikeplayingfootball.”Sheaskedme.Sheaskedme________________________playingfootball.7“Ican’tworkoutthismathproblem.”Tomsaid.Tomsaidthat________________workout____________mathproblem.8HeaskedJim,“Wheredoesyourpenpalcomefrom?”HeaskedJim____________________penpal__________from.9.MaryaskedGina,“Areyouill?”MaryaskedGina___________________________ill.10.Tomsaidtome,“Passtheballtome.”Tom________me________________theballto_________.（答案：Ⅰ.1-6CAABAB7-12BABDABⅡ.1whatIshouldsay2.mywas3.whatIwasdoing4.thatIwas5.wouldgothenext/followingday6.ifIliked7.hecouldn’tthat8.wherehiscame9.ifshewas10.toldtopasshim
