Unit6OurLocalAreaTopic3Whichisthewaytothepostoffice?重点语法：祈使句①肯定、否定形式。②特例。重点短语：aticketforspeeding/attheendoftheroad/goacross/turnleft/rightonthecornerof/acrossfrom/between……and/walkon/taketheNo.718bus/changeto/noparking/dieinroadaccident/gethurt/obeythetrafficrules/keepontherightoftheroad/atthefootof/holdsthinone’shand重点句型：一．问路语①Whereis……?②Istherea……nearhere?③Whichisthewayto……?④HowcanIgetto……?⑤Couldyoutellmethewayto……?二．指路①Goalong/downthisroaduntil……②Turnleftatthefirstturning﹦Takethefirstturningontheleft.③Gostraightaheadandyouwillsee……④It’sabout15kilometresawayfromhere.三．Thankyouallthesame.﹦Thanksanyway.四．Youcan’tmissit.五．YouneedtotakebusNo.718……六．Howfarisitfromhere?七．Everybodymustbecarefulandobeythetraffic.八．Wemuststopandlookbothwaysbeforewecrosstheroad.语法讲解：祈使句：表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子，特点是省略了主语。祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当,句首加don't否定变;朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。●肯定结构:1.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Pleasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.请这边走。2.Be型(即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!3.Let型(即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分)。如:Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。●否定结构:1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don'tforgetme!不要忘记我!Don'tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到!2.Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。如:Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!☆用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：一、"let"的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don'tlet....."（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let......not"（见例(10)）：(9)Don'tletthistypeofthingshappenagain.(10)It'srainingnow.Let'snotgooutuntilaftertherain.二、"Let"只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态(thepassivevoice)，如：(11)Letthecriminalsbesenttoprison.三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词(Theinfinitivewithout"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out,in,down,alone等如：12Openthewindowsandletthefreshairin.13Letmealone,please.四、用"Let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用"Letus"时，并不包括对方，如：15Let'stryit,shallwe?16Letusdoitbyourselves,willyou?有关祈使句的相关练习题：I.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It’sanimportantmeeting.__________(not,be)late.2.____________(not,make)anynise!Yourmotherissleeping.3.____________(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand____________(be)polite.4.____________(not,talk)and____________(read)aloud.5.____________(not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.6.____________(look)out!Acariscoming.7.____________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.8.____________(not,let)thebabycry.9.Wearmoreclothesoryou____________(catch)acold.10.Let’s____________(not,say)anythingaboutit.II.选择填空()1.Herdoctorsaid:“________worksohard”AStopBDon’tCCan’tDNo()2.Sindy,________tobehereat8o’clockAissureBissurethatCwillbesureDbesure()3.________whenyoucrosstheroad.ADocareBCareCDobecarefulDTobecareful()4.________himthesecret,willyou?ADon’ttellBNottotellCNottellingDNotelling()5.________inbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.ANottoreadBDon’treadCDon’ttoreadDNotread()6.________Yourchild.We’lllookafterhim.ANottoworryaboutBDon’tworryaboutCNotworryforDDon’tworrywith()7.Theyareverytired.Why________havearest?AnottheyBdonottheyCdon’ttheyDnotto()8--Youlookrathertired.________stoppingtohavearest?--Allright.AWhynotBHowaboutCWhynottoDwhydon’t()9______tellalie.AHardlyBNotCNoDNever()10.Please________lookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.AnotBdon’tCaren’tDcan’t()11.Whydon’tyoujoinusinthegame?AWhatnotBWhynotCWhytoDHowto()12______goforthebookalone,MsZhang.ALet’sBLetmeCLetusDAllow()13John,readthetextforus,________?AdoesheBwillheCdoyouDwillyou()14.Let’sdoitatonce,________?AshallweBwillyouCdoweDdoyou()15.Letusdoitatonce,________?AshallweBwillyouCdoweDdoyou
